{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:17:41Z","timestamp":1779196661521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is believed to stem from defects in the establishment and maintenance of functional neuronal networks due to synaptic\/spine dysfunction. The potent effects of IGF\u20101 on synaptic function, maintenance, and plasticity make it a potential target for treating ASD. This polypeptide hormone has proven to have beneficial effects in treating related developmental disorders like Rett syndrome, and its efficacy in ASD is currently being investigated in a pilot study. IGF\u20101 binds to its receptor (IGF\u20101R) in neurons and activates mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase and PI3K\/Akt signaling to produce biological effects on spine function. The PI3K\/Akt pathway is dysregulated in ASD, including idiopathic autism, and is thus believed to play a role in the disorder. Despite this, no study has explored the levels of IGF\u20101 in the fusiform gyrus of idiopathic autism patients, an area known to be hypoactivated in ASD, and no study has examined IGF\u20101R in any part of the brain. The present study explored whether IGF\u20101 or IGF\u20101R levels are altered in human idiopathic autism. RNA and protein were extracted from post\u2010mortem human fusiform gyrus tissue of normal controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) and subjects with idiopathic autism (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15). qRT\u2010PCR for IGF\u20101 and IGF\u20101R were performed, along with total IGF\u20101 ELISA and IGF\u20101R\u03b2 Western blots. The levels of both IGF\u20101 and IGF\u20101R mRNA and protein were equivalent between the two groups, suggesting that although IGF\u20101 may be useful for ASD treatment, IGF\u20101 and IGF\u20101R are not implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic autism. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold> 2020, 13<\/jats:italic>: 897\u2010907. \u00a9 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>IGF\u20101 is being tested for the treatment of autism and related disorders. Despite promising results, it is unknown if IGF\u20101 or its receptor are present in abnormal levels in patients with autism. This study showed that patients with autism have normal levels of IGF\u20101 and its receptor in the brain, suggesting that although IGF\u20101 is a promising treatment, disruption of IGF\u20101 levels or signaling through its receptor does not seem to be a cause of autism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T11:27:48Z","timestamp":1583839668000},"page":"897-907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Insulin\u2010Like Growth Factor and Insulin\u2010Like Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Human Idiopathic Autism Fusiform Gyrus Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8283-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Cioana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernadeta","family":"Michalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6815-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Fahnestock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.5.544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"A Pilot Treatment Study of Insulin\u2010Like Growth Factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101) in Autism Spectrum Disorder. (2013). ClinicalTrials.Gov. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01970345."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-990282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90216-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151615"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4087-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-08-02926.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311685111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(98)00024-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2010.00627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-015-8341-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0089-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.03.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-013-1287-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31824b27e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00286-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11628"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.10028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(00)00023-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2656-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.20.6.761"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1110003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311141111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10101532"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-5-54"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2006.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4603-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858408331371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3181ff67ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)00168-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2005.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.066852"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0184-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.02.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-3-1260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000054584"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome (Phelan\u2010McDermid Syndrome)","volume":"2","author":"Phelan K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Syndromology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.10.2059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5073078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/679801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-015-0066-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.4.8462444"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8156.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.47.030185.002233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2006.tb01361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666160413120638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.4.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12618"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812394106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001501205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.10.764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2013.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2012.13.4.1183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-14-06041.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35909"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Faur.2291","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.2291","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aur.2291","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.2291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T05:39:00Z","timestamp":1693892340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.2291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.2291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2291","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}