{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:58:24Z","timestamp":1792252704704,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Alterations in the gut microbiota may influence gastrointestinal (GI) dysbiosis frequently reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota between 48 children with ASD and 48 healthy children in China. At the phylum level, the number of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Verrucomicrobia<\/jats:italic> decreased in children with ASD, while the <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes\/Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher in autistic children due to enrichment of <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>. At the genus level, the amount of <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Megamonas<\/jats:italic> increased, while <jats:italic>Clostridium XlVa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eisenbergiella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium IV<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Flavonifractor<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia\/Shigella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>and Dialister<\/jats:italic> decreased in children with ASD relative to the controls. Significant increase was observed in the number of species synthesizing branched\u2010chain amino acids (BCAAs), like <jats:italic>Bacteroides vulgatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotella copri<\/jats:italic>, while the numbers of <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic> decreased in children with ASD compared to the controls. Most importantly, the highest levels of pathogenic bacteria were different for each child with ASD in this cohort. We found that only one functional module, cellular antigens, was enriched in children with ASD, and other pathways like lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism were significantly decreased in children with ASD. These findings provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in Chinese ASD children and may contribute to the treatment of patients with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study characterized the gut bacteria composition of 48 children with ASD and 48 neurotypical children in China. The metabolic disruptions caused by altered gut microbiota may contribute significantly to the neurological pathophysiology of ASD, including significant increases in the number of species synthesizing BCAAs, and decreases in the number of probiotic species. These findings suggest that a gut microbiome\u2010associated therapeutic intervention may provide a novel strategy for treating GI symptoms frequently seen in individuals with ASD. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold> 2020, 13: 1614\u20131625<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T19:13:01Z","timestamp":1598296381000},"page":"1614-1625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenfen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuezhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai\u2010MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huajun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-11-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"828","article-title":"DSM\u2010IV: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","volume":"272","author":"Bell C. 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