{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:32:02Z","timestamp":1786977122359,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"\n Autism (\n AUT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that, together with\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n sperger's syndrome and\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n ervasive\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n evelopmental\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n isorder\u2010\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n ot\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n therwise\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n pecified (\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), comprises the expanded classification of autistic spectrum disorder (\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). The heterogeneity of\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n underlies the need to identify biomarkers or clinical features that can be employed to identify meaningful subtypes of\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , define specific etiologies, and inform intervention and treatment options. Previous studies have shown that disordered porphyrin metabolism, manifested principally as significantly elevated urinary concentrations of pentacarboxyl (penta) and coproporphyrins, is commonly observed among some children with\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Here, we extend these observations by specifically evaluating penta and coproporphyrins as biological indicators of\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n among 76 male children comprising 30 with validated\n AUT<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 14 with\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and 32 neurotypical (\n NT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) controls.\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n children (\n AUT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) had higher mean urinary penta (\n \n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.006) and copro (\n \n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.006) concentrations compared with same\u2010aged\n NT<\/jats:styled-content>\n children, each characterized by a number of extreme values. Using\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n eceiver\n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n perating\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n haracteristic curve analysis, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of penta, copro, and their combined Z\u2010scores in\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n detection. The penta sensitivity was 30% for\n AUT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 36% for\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , with 94% specificity. The copro sensitivity was 33% and 14%, respectively, with 94% specificity. The combined Z\u2010score measure had 33% and 21% sensitivity for\n AUT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively, with 100% specificity. These findings demonstrate that porphyrin measures are strong predictors of both\n AUT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n NOS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and support the potential clinical utility of urinary porphyrin measures for identifying a subgroup of\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects in whom disordered porphyrin metabolism may be a salient characteristic.\n \n \n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n utism\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n es\n <\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n 2012,\u2022\u2022: \u2022\u2022\u2013\u2022\u2022<\/jats:italic>\n . \u00a9 2012\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n nternational\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ociety for\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n utism\n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n esearch,\n W<\/jats:styled-content>\n iley\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n eriodicals,\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n nc.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T16:46:23Z","timestamp":1328114783000},"page":"84-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Disordered Porphyrin Metabolism: A Potential Biological Marker for Autism Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Heyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Echeverria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences 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