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However, the conditions under which these atypicalities arise and their link with behavioral emotional expressions and core ASD symptoms remain uncertain. Given the importance of physiological arousal in affective, learning, and cognitive processes, the current study examined changes in skin conductance level (\u0394SCL) in 41 toddlers with ASD (mean age: 22.7\u2009months, SD: 2.9) and 32 age\u2010matched toddlers with typical development (TD) (mean age: 21.6 months, SD: 3.6) in response to probes designed to induce anger, joy, and fear emotions. The magnitude of \u0394SCL was comparable during anger (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.206,<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.30) and joy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.996,<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.01) conditions, but significantly lower during the fear condition (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.001,<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.83) in toddlers with ASD compared to TD peers. In the combined samples, \u0394SCL positively correlated with intensity of behavioral emotional expressivity during the anger (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>[71] = 0.36,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.002) and fear (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>[68] = 0.32,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.007) conditions, but not in the joy (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>[69] = \u22120.15,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.226) condition. Finally, \u0394SCL did not associate with autism symptom severity in any emotion\u2010eliciting condition in the ASD group. Toddlers with ASD displayed attenuated \u0394SCL to situations aimed at eliciting fear, which may forecast the emergence of highly prevalent internalizing and externalizing problems in this population. The study putatively identifies \u0394SCL as a dimension not associated with severity of autism but with behavioral responses in negatively emotionally challenging events and provides support for the feasibility, validity, and incipient utility of examining \u0394SCL in response to emotional challenges in very young children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physiological arousal was measured in toddlers with autism exposed to frustrating, pleasant, and threatening tasks. Compared to typically developing peers, toddlers with autism showed comparable arousal responses to frustrating and pleasant events, but lower responses to threatening events. Importantly, physiological arousal and behavioral expressions were aligned during frustrating and threatening events, inviting exploration of physiological arousal to measure responses to emotional challenges. Furthermore, this study advances the understanding of precursors to emotional and behavioral problems common in older children with autism.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Autism Res<\/jats:bold>2020, 13: 1476\u20131488<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T07:34:52Z","timestamp":1599636892000},"page":"1476-1488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Atypical Emotional Electrodermal Activity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"Vernetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9040-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick","family":"Shic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Boccanfuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V\u00e4n Robotics Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Macari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finola","family":"Kane\u2010Grade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Milgramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autism and Related Disabilities University at Albany, SUNY New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Hilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perrine","family":"Heymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Early Childhood Behavior Lab Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4237-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew S","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Bouv\u00e9 College of Health Sciences Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Chawarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0332-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(98)00154-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1126-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Measuring emotion: Behavior, feeling, and physiology","volume":"25","author":"Bradley M. 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