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This cross\u2010sectional study measured pubertal timing to examine hypothesized differences for sex (female vs. male) and group (ASD vs. typical development [TD]). Participants included 239 children (137 ASD, 102 TD) between 10 and 13\u2009years. The ASD group included 35 females and 102 males; the TDs included 44 females and 58 males. Pubertal onset measured by genital or pubic stage was investigated with linear regression using main effects of sex and age\u2010by\u2010sex interactions in TD and ASD groups and main effects of diagnosis and diagnosis\u2010by\u2010age interactions in males and females, controlling for body mass index, socioeconomic status, and race. In TD, examination of main effects for genital (penis\/breast) stage showed no difference for male and female children (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> = 1.33, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.187, rdf = 92); however, there were significant differences in ASD (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> = 2.70, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008, rdf = 121). For diagnosis modeled separately by sex, there was significantly earlier pubertal development in females with ASD (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> = 1.97, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.053, rdf = 70, but not males (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> = 1.329, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.186, rdf = 143). In addition, analysis of menses revealed females with ASD had significantly earlier onset than TD (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> = \u22122.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.018, rdf = 21). Examination of pubic stage revealed expected sex differences for TD (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> = 2,674, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009, rdf = 91) and ASD (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> = 3.482, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, rdf = 121). Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD, as differences may have significant psychological, social, physiological, and developmental consequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty with social communication and respond poorly to change, which may include the onset and course of puberty. The study measured the timing of puberty in 239 children (137 ASD and 102 typical development [TD]) between 10 and 13\u2009years based on pubertal stage of genital (breast\/penis) and pubic hair development. Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for an enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T10:01:43Z","timestamp":1602496903000},"page":"2202-2215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Pubertal Timing During Early Adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2165-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blythe A.","family":"Corbett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Vanderbilt University  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Vandekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9862-1686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael A.","family":"Muscatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasas","family":"Tanguturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Age at pubertal growth spurt in girls and boys in relation to body mass index during the emerging obesity epidemic","volume":"72","author":"Aksglaede L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hormone Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(03)00005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.4.594"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-116.5.381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9326-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.37.8.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576060210030201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-3302-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70265-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2018.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033850"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Adolescent development of children with infantile psychosis","volume":"1","author":"Brown J. 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