{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:53:37Z","timestamp":1790823217377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Acoustic atypicalities in speech production are argued to be potential markers of clinical features in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A recent meta\u2010analysis highlighted shortcomings in the field, in particular small sample sizes and study heterogeneity. We showcase a cumulative (i.e., explicitly building on previous studies both conceptually and statistically) yet self\u2010correcting (i.e., critically assessing the impact of cumulative statistical techniques) approach to prosody in ASD to overcome these issues. We relied on the recommendations contained in the meta\u2010analysis to build and analyze a cross\u2010linguistic corpus of multiple speech productions in 77 autistic and 72 neurotypical children and adolescents (&gt;1000 recordings in Danish and US English). We used meta\u2010analytically informed and skeptical priors, with informed priors leading to more generalizable inference. We replicated findings of a minimal cross\u2010linguistically reliable distinctive acoustic profile for ASD (higher pitch and longer pauses) with moderate effect sizes. We identified novel reliable differences between the two groups for normalized amplitude quotient, maxima dispersion quotient, and creakiness. However, the differences were small, and there is likely no one acoustic profile characterizing all autistic individuals. We identified reliable relations of acoustic features with individual differences (age, gender), and clinical features (speech rate and ADOS sub\u2010scores). Besides cumulatively building our understanding of acoustic atypicalities in ASD, the study shows how to use systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses to guide the design and analysis of follow\u2010up studies. We indicate future directions: larger and more diverse cross\u2010linguistic datasets, focus on heterogeneity, self\u2010critical cumulative approaches, and open science.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autistic individuals are reported to speak in distinctive ways. Distinctive vocal production can affect social interactions and social development and could represent a noninvasive way to support the assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We systematically checked whether acoustic atypicalities highlighted in previous articles could be actually found across multiple recordings and two languages. We find a minimal acoustic profile of ASD: higher pitch, longer pauses, increased hoarseness and creakiness of the voice. However, there is much individual variability (by age, sex, language, and clinical characteristics). This suggests that the search for one common \u201cautistic voice\u201d might be naive and more fine\u2010grained approaches are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:26:05Z","timestamp":1640564765000},"page":"653-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Toward a cumulative science of vocal markers of autism: A cross\u2010linguistic meta\u2010analysis\u2010based investigation of acoustic markers in American and Danish autistic children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4775-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Fusaroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, School of Communication and Culture Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Interacting Minds Center School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Linguistic Data Consortium University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Emerson College  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Bilenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Youth Psychiatry University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0259-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathriona","family":"Cantio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Youth Psychiatry University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Richardt M\u00f8llegaard","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Weed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, School of Communication and Culture Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Interacting Minds Center School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(00)00014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"\u201cAutistic psychopathy\u201d in childhood","author":"Asperger H.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Frontier of knowledge in mental retardation","author":"Baltaxe C. A. M.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4004.439"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521897113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-017-0189-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15626\/MP.2017.840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613504966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"PPVT\u20104: Peabody picture vocabulary test","author":"Dunn L. M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868320931366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"Emerging language in autistic children","author":"Fay W. H.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2018.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fusaroli R. Weed E. Fein D. &Naigles L.(2021).Caregiver linguistic alignment to autistic and typically developing children.PsyArXiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/ysjec","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/ysjec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Fusaroli R. Weed E. Lambrechts A. Bowler D. &Gaigg S.(2018).Towards a cumulative science of prosody in ASD. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.autism-insar.org\/general\/custom.asp?page=2018AnnMtg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/08-AOAS191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1956.tb06201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf5027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361314536937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/12-0067)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Autistic disturbances of affective contact","volume":"2","author":"Kanner L.","year":"1943","journal-title":"Nervous Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Intelligent testing with the WISC\u2010III","author":"Kaufman A. S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00131911.2017.1350636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0864-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis M. Mathur M. VanderWeele T. &Frank M. C.(2020).The puzzling relationship between multi\u2010lab replications and meta\u2010analyses of the rest of the literature.PsyArXiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/pbrdk","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/pbrdk"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Autism diagnostic observation schedule: ADOS manual","author":"Lord C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","volume-title":"Autism diagnostic observation schedule","author":"Lord C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0441-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1368282031000154204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen V. Versyp O. Cox C. M. M. &Fusaroli R.(2021).A systematic review and Bayesian meta\u2010analysis of the development of turn taking in adult\u2010child vocal interactions.PsyArXiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/3bak6","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/3bak6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-019-01645-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003882107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parish\u2010Morris J. Liberman M. Ryant N. Cieri C. Bateman L. Ferguson E.&Schultz R. T.(2016). Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorders Using HLT. Proceedings of the conference. Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting 2016 74\u201384.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/w16-0308","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-0308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-0031-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440296603300104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","volume-title":"Test of memory and learning (TOMAL 2)","author":"Reynolds C. R.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/25152459211026864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Leiter international performance scale\u2010revised (Leiter\u2010R)","author":"Roid G. H.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rybner A. Jessen E. T. Mortensen M. D. Larsen S. N. Grossman R. Bilenberg N. Cantio C. Jepsen J. R. M. Weed E. Simonsen A. &Fusaroli R.(2021).Vocal markers of autism: Assessing the generalizability of machine learning models bioRxiv 2021.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.11.22.469538","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.11.22.469538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005531501155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/087)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<65::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lang.12450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2456-8_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614531023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-19-00241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/7tbrm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","volume-title":"The ICD\u201010 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/81541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/17-BA1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0140525x20001685"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.2661","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aur.2661","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.2661","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T13:29:37Z","timestamp":1692970177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.2661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.2661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2661","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.07.13.452165","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}