{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:13:39Z","timestamp":1791983619110,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD093771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD093771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P50HD103573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P50HD103573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations in the maternal copy of the <jats:italic>UBE3A<\/jats:italic> gene. AS is characterized by intellectual disability, impaired speech and motor skills, epilepsy, and sleep disruptions. Multiple treatment strategies to re\u2010express functional neuronal <jats:italic>UBE3A<\/jats:italic> from the dormant paternal allele were successful in rodent models of AS and have now moved to early phase clinical trials in children. Developing reliable and objective AS biomarkers is essential to guide the design and execution of current and future clinical trials. Our prior work quantified short daytime electroencephalograms (EEGs) to define promising biomarkers for AS. Here, we asked whether overnight sleep is better suited to detect AS EEG biomarkers. We retrospectively analyzed EEGs from 12 overnight sleep studies from individuals with AS with age and sex\u2010matched Down syndrome and neurotypical controls, focusing on low frequency (2\u20134\u2009Hz) delta rhythms and sleep spindles. Delta EEG rhythms were increased in individuals with AS during all stages of overnight sleep, but overnight sleep did not provide additional benefit over wake in the ability to detect increased delta. Abnormal sleep spindles were not reliably detected in EEGs from individuals with AS during overnight sleep, suggesting that delta rhythms represent a more reliable biomarker. Overall, we conclude that periods of wakefulness are sufficient, and perhaps ideal, to quantify delta EEG rhythms for use as AS biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electroencephalography (EEG) is a safe and reliable way of measuring abnormal brain activity in Angelman syndrome. We found that low\u2010frequency \u201cdelta\u201d EEG rhythms are increased in individuals with Angelman syndrome during all stages of overnight sleep. Delta rhythms can be used as a tool to measure improvement in future clinical trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T09:05:02Z","timestamp":1647680702000},"page":"1031-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Evaluation of electroencephalography biomarkers for Angelman syndrome during overnight sleep"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuval","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishitha S.","family":"Hosamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor E.","family":"McNair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrujana S.","family":"Kunnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Philpot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology &amp; Physiology Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina 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