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Seventy\u2010two adults with SCZ (52 male, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a028.2\u2009years) and 94 with diagnoses on the autism spectrum (83 male, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a024.2\u2009years) without intellectual disability completed a comprehensive social cognitive battery. Latent profile analysis identified four homogeneous subgroups that were compared on their diagnosis, independent living skills, neurocognition, and symptomatology. Two groups showed normative performance across most social cognitive tasks but were differentiated by one having significantly higher hostility and blaming biases. Autistic participants were more likely to demonstrate fully normative performance (46.8%) than participants with SCZ, whereas normative performance in SCZ was more likely to co\u2010occur with increased hostility and blaming biases (36.1%). Approximately 43% of participants in the full sample were classified into the remaining two groups showing low or very low performance. These participants tended to perform worse on neurocognitive tests and have lower IQ and fewer independent living skills. The prevalence of low performance on social cognitive tasks was comparable across clinical groups. However, nearly half of autistic participants demonstrated normative social cognitive performance, challenging assumptions that reduced social cognitive performance is inherent to the condition. Subgrouping also revealed a meaningful distinction between the clinical groups: participants with SCZ were more likely to demonstrate hostility biases than autistic participants, even when social cognitive performance was otherwise in the typical range.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Social cognition refers to the perception and interpretation of social information. Previous research has shown that both autistic people and those with schizophrenia demonstrate reduced performance on traditional social cognitive tasks, which we replicate here at the group level. However, we also found that almost half of autistic participants performed in the normal range. Over a third of participants with schizophrenia did as well, but for them this performance was accompanied by a hostility bias not commonly found in the autistic sample. Taken together, findings challenge assumptions that difficulties in social cognition are a uniform characteristic of these clinical conditions in those without intellectual disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T15:10:08Z","timestamp":1650726608000},"page":"1522-1534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Heterogeneity of social cognitive performance in autism and schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Hajd\u00fak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts Comenius University in Bratislava  Bratislava Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava  Bratislava Slovakia"},{"name":"Science Park UK Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research  Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Pinkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Texas Southwestern Medical School  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Penn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Australian Catholic University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip D.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Research Service Miami VA Healthcare System  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3676-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah J.","family":"Sasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01399-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Are intuitive physics and intuitive psychology independent? 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