{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:33:18Z","timestamp":1747146798996,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020608","name":"Sunny Hill Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Functional abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are highly heterogenous, and impairments can overlap with non\u2010ASD neurodevelopmental disorders. We compared the profiles of children assessed for ASD with and without an ASD diagnosis using a retrospective cohort study of 101,739 children born in British Columbia (2000\u20132008). The children were grouped into the following five comparison groups: (1) ASD\u2212 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01131), (2) ASD+ (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01583), (3) Ministry of Education designated ASD+ (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0654), (4) special need other than ASD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011,663), and (5) typically developing (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a086,708). Five developmental domains were assessed using the Early Development Instrument. ANCOVA was used to control for covariates, Tukey's HSD test for multiple comparisons, and Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> for effect size. The ASD\u2212 group had slightly higher scores than the ASD+ group with small to medium effect sizes in all domains (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.20\u20130.48). The ASD\u2212 group had slightly higher scores than the Ministry of Education ASD+ group in only three domains with small effect sizes (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.21\u20130.25). The ASD\u2212 group had lower scores in all domains compared to the typically developing group with large effect sizes in all domains (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.12\u20131.77). The ASD\u2212 group received less education funding at school entry than both ASD+ groups. Overall, only small to medium differences in development were detected between the ASD\u2212 and ASD+ groups. While these children differ diagnostically, they share similar functional profiles and have substantially more difficulties than typically developing children. Therefore, differences in levels of support at school entry raise critical questions of equity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparison of children in British Columbia who have been referred for an autism assessment, with or without a diagnosis, shows similarities in their functional and developmental profiles in kindergarten. Furthermore, both groups of children have more difficulties than typically developing children. However, children who have been referred for assessment without an autism diagnosis receive less financial support at school entry, raising important questions on equity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T07:03:16Z","timestamp":1652943796000},"page":"1301-1310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Developmental profiles of children at risk for autism spectrum disorder at school entry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angie","family":"Ip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Sunny Hill Health Centre BC Children's Hospital  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda T.","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Human Early Learning Partnership University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Guhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Human Early Learning Partnership University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim F.","family":"Oberlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Sunny Hill Health Centre BC Children's Hospital  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"BC Ministry of Health. 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