{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:33:41Z","timestamp":1778279621240,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AUT.17.006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AUT.17.006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Previous studies have suggested that autistic adults may be negatively affected by the COVID\u201019 pandemic and its associated restrictions. In this study, we examined continuity and change in loneliness and stress, and their predictors, in 448 autistic and 70 non\u2010autistic adults living in the Netherlands. Autistic participants were assessed on three occasions using the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and Perceived Stress Scale (pre\u2010lockdown (T0), first lockdown (T1), and second lockdown (T2)); non\u2010autistic participants were assessed twice (T1 and T2). Autistic adults' loneliness and stress levels remained stable across all three time points over 8\u2009months, but were consistently higher than those of non\u2010autistic adults. Other predictors of higher loneliness and stress levels at the first lockdown (T1) included low perceived social support and high levels of COVID\u201019 related worries. Although loneliness and stress were stable at the group level, the wellbeing of some autistic adults worsened over the course of the pandemic, while others improved. For instance, adults with a mental health diagnosis (other than autism) prior to the pandemic were more likely to increase in stress over time, whereas adults with higher perceived social support were more likely to decrease in stress over time (from T1 to T2). Factors contributing to variability in outcome require further examination. Moreover, the relatively high loneliness and stress levels in autistic adults call for attention from clinicians and service providers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, autistic adults reported feeling more lonely and stressed than non\u2010autistic adults during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. People who missed support from their social network also felt more lonely and stressed. On average, people did not change substantially in their degree of loneliness or stress over time. Yet, we noted large person\u2010to\u2010person differences in the wellbeing of autistic adults during the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T15:08:29Z","timestamp":1659712109000},"page":"1621-1635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Continuity and change in loneliness and stress during the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic: A longitudinal study of autistic and non\u2010autistic adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7530-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke M.","family":"Scheeren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences VU University Amsterdam  Amsterdam The 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