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The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was employed, and 14,849 children and adolescents with ASD and 148,490 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched non\u2010ASD controls were enrolled between 2001 and 2009 and followed up till the end of 2011. Those exposed to prescription opioids during the follow\u2010up period were identified. Patients with ASD were more likely to be exposed to prescription opioids (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.50\u20135.45), including intravenous or intramuscular opioids (HR: 5.80, 95% CI: 5.23\u20136.43) and oral or transcutaneous opioids (HR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.87\u20132.89), than were non\u2010ASD controls. Furthermore, the ASD cohort had the increased likelihood of cumulative exposure of &gt;14\u2009days (HR: 6.19, 95% CI: 4.91\u20137.79) and &gt;30\u2009days (HR: 7.17, 95% CI: 5.19\u20139.90) to prescription opioids compared with the control cohort. ASD was a risk factor for exposure to prescription opioids. Close monitoring of prescription opioid use is necessary for at\u2010risk children and adolescents with ASD, such as those having with or chronic pain. We found that patients with ASD were more likely to be exposed to prescription opioids, including intravenous or intramuscular opioids and oral or transcutaneous opioids, than were non\u2010ASD controls. We suggest that close monitoring of prescription opioid use is necessary for at\u2010risk children and adolescents with ASD, such as those having with or chronic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T12:49:49Z","timestamp":1661604589000},"page":"2192-2199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of exposure to prescription opioids in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A nationwide longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ju\u2010Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Jen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Mei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Taipei 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