{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:34:30Z","timestamp":1776335670568,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the unpredictability and challenges brought about by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID\u201019) pandemic, this study aimed to investigate the impact trend of the prolonged pandemic on the mental health of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The 8112 participants included parents of children with ASD and parents of typically developing (TD) children at two sites (Heilongjiang and Fujian province, China). The parents completed a set of self\u2010report questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, influences related to COVID\u201019, COVID\u201019 concerns and perceived behaviors, as well as the Connor\u2010Davidson resilience scale (CD\u2010RISC), self\u2010rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self\u2010rating depression scale (SDS) by means of an online survey platform. Data were collected by three cross\u2010sectional surveys carried out in April 2020 (Time 1), October 2020 (Time 2), and October 2021 (Time 3). The results of quantitative and qualitative comparisons showed that: (i) parents of children with ASD had lower levels of resilience, and more symptoms of anxiety and depression than parents of TD children at each time point (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05); and (ii) there were significant time\u2010cumulative changes in resilience, anxiety, and depression among all participants (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The logistic regression analyzes after adjusting for demographic characteristics revealed that the following factors were significantly associated with poor resilience and a higher rate of anxiety and depression in parents of children with ASD: time\u2010point, the effect of COVID\u201019 on children's emotions and parents' emotions, changes in relationships, changes in physical exercise, changes in daily diet during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, and COVID\u201019\u2010related psychological distress. In conclusions, the parents did not report improvements in resilience, anxiety, or depression symptoms from Time 1 to Time 2 or 3, indicating that cumulative mental health issues increased when, surprisingly, the COVID\u201019 restrictions were eased. The psychological harm resulting from the COVID\u201019 pandemic is far\u2010reaching, especially among parents of children with ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T07:29:00Z","timestamp":1666250940000},"page":"2346-2358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mental health issues in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A multi\u2010time\u2010point study related to COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Luxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"},{"name":"Continuing Education Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huirong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Development and Behavior, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Continuing Education Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7521-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College Harbin Medical University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's and 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