{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:02:37Z","timestamp":1788390157090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50HD105354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50HD105354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54HD083091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54HD083091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Clinically significant sleep problems affect up to 86% of the autistic population in school\u2010age. Sleep problems can have negative impacts on child cognition, behavior, and health. However, sex differences in the prevalence and types of sleep problems are not well understood in autism. To evaluate sex differences in sleep problems in the school\u2010age autistic population, we obtained parent\u2010report of sleep problems on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and conducted direct assessments to establish diagnosis and intellectual ability in 6\u201312\u2010year\u2010old children (autism\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0250; typical development [TD]\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0114). Almost 85% of autistic females demonstrated sleep problems compared to 65.8% of autistic males, 44.8% of TD females, and 42.4% of TD males; a statistically significant increase for autistic females. Autistic females demonstrated increased bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety, and sleepiness, and decreased sleep duration, but did not differ in sleep onset delay, night wakings, parasomnias, or disordered breathing compared with autistic males. Intellectual ability was not related to increased sleep problems. Higher anxiety scores were associated with more sleep problems for males but not females. In one of the first studies to evaluate sex differences in sleep in the school\u2010age, autistic population, autistic females demonstrated increased sleep problems compared to autistic males, TD females, and TD males. Current autism assessment and intervention practices may benefit from increased attention to sleep problems in autistic school\u2010age females and to anxiety in autistic males to enhance well\u2010being and behavioral and health outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T06:04:18Z","timestamp":1667801058000},"page":"164-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Sleep problems in autism: Sex differences in the school\u2010age population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2687-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette","family":"Estes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Box 357920, UW Autism Center University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Munson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"St. John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Box 357920, UW Autism Center University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhi","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autism Research Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Herrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2011.557991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04841-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00206.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 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