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The aim of the present study was to investigate brain abnormalities in young children with ASD using a combination of structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Structural and resting\u2010state functional MRI was performed in 67 children with ASD (aged 2\u20137\u2009years) and 39 age\u2010matched typically developing (TD) controls. Voxel\u2010based morphometry was used to evaluate differences in brain structure between groups. Topologic parameters of the functional brain network were compared by graph theoretic analysis and network connectomes were compared with network\u2010based statistics. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to discriminate between ASD and TD groups. Results demonstrated young children with ASD had increased gray matter volumes (GMVs) in the right medial superior frontal gyrus and left fusiform gyrus compared with the TD group. The ASD group had altered subnetwork connectivity in frontal and temporal lobes and other social cognition\u2010related brain regions. Functional connectivity in the left superior temporal gyrus and left temporal pole of the middle temporal gyrus was positively correlated with adaptability and language developmental quotient (DQ) in children with ASD. The combination of the brain structural and functional features had 86.2% accuracy in discriminating between ASD and TD. The present study shows that young children with ASD have altered GMVs and functional networks in social cognition\u2010related brain regions, which are potential neuroimaging biomarkers for ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T05:06:26Z","timestamp":1683781586000},"page":"1124-1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Abnormal gray matter volume and functional connectivity patterns in social cognition\u2010related brain regions of young children with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7052-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Bo' ai Hospital China Rehabilitation Research Center  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