{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:19:35Z","timestamp":1787836775359,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to identify developmental profiles associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and global developmental delay (DD) in pre\u2010school aged Italian children. Developmental profiles were evaluated by means of a standardized tool widely used for the assessment of psychomotor development in early childhood, the Griffiths III scales, recently adapted and standardized for the Italian population. Specifically, we compared the Griffiths III profiles of children with ASD and DD (ASD\u2009+\u2009DD) with those of children with DD alone. Moreover, we inspected the psychometric function of single items by comparing children with ASD\u2009+\u2009DD and children with DD with typically developing (TD) children from the Griffiths III normative sample. In this way, we aimed to isolate the effects of each diagnostic class on psychomotor abilities and on the psychometric function of single items. The ASD\u2009+\u2009DD and DD groups were found to share the presence of lower age equivalent scores relative to their chronological age in all the developmental domains considered:<jats:italic>Foundations of Learning<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Language and Communication<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Eye and Hand Coordination<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Personal\u2013Social\u2010Emotional<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Gross Motor Skills<\/jats:italic>. However, the DD group displayed a homogeneous profile with similar levels of delay in all developmental domains, while children with ASD\u2009+\u2009DD exhibited relative weaknesses in the<jats:italic>Language and Communication<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Personal\u2013Social\u2010Emotional<\/jats:italic>scales. The analysis of the psychometric function drawn for each item has confirmed different profiles in social\u2010communicative and non\u2010verbal items between the two diagnostic groups and in relation to TD normative sample. The Griffiths III is a valid psychometric tool for identifying atypical developmental profiles and its use may be recommended during the diagnostic process of ASD and DD, to detect specific strengths and weaknesses and guide person\u2010centered treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T13:26:39Z","timestamp":1685625999000},"page":"1344-1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Developmental profiles of young children with autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay: A study with the Griffiths<scp>III<\/scp>scales"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5832-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Taddei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Neurogenetic Syndromes with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bulgheroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Neurogenetic Syndromes with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Toffalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychology University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pantaleoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Neurogenetic Syndromes with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lanfranchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1441-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.019349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04253-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2138-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-021-01277-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316665792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"TELE\u2010ASD\u2010PEDS: A telemedicine\u2010based ASD evaluation tool for toddlers and young children","author":"Corona L.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3549-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000370"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2396941518764764"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.010427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"Griffiths scales of child development 3rd ed. part II: Administration and scoring","author":"Green E.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1275-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"The abilities of young children: A comprehensive system of mental measurement for the first eight years of life","author":"Griffiths R.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00330.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Adaptive behavior assessment system","author":"Harrison P.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/158263","article-title":"Autism, processing speed, and adaptive functioning in preschool children","volume":"2013","author":"Hedvall \u00c5.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3278-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0390-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/jel.v9n1p30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP2904_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","volume-title":"Doing Bayesian data analysis, second edition: A tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan","author":"Kruschke J. K.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1221-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61539-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","volume-title":"Vianello","author":"Lanfranchi S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2021.0385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","article-title":"A developmental profile of children with autism spectrum disorder in China using the Griffiths mental development scales","volume":"3105","author":"Li H. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319897179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010707417274"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01541-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","volume-title":"Autism diagnostic observation schedule","author":"Lord C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","volume-title":"Brief observation of symptoms of autism (BOSA)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7202a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97551-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-019-00578-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Comparison of language features, autism spectrum symptoms in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, developmental language delay, and healthy controls","volume":"55","author":"\u00d6zyurt G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0704-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57196-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","article-title":"Diagnostic tests for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preschool children","volume":"7","author":"Randall M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","volume-title":"Leiter international performance scale revised","author":"Roid G. H.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8020164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7010a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2008.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000031431.81555.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","volume-title":"Vineland adaptive behavior scales","author":"Sparrow S. S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","volume-title":"Griffiths scales of child development. Part I: Overview 3rd ed., Development and psychometric properties","author":"Stroud L.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-40"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8030192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2021.101765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0177-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04767-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children, fourth edition (WISC\u2010IV)","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","volume-title":"Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0811"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2006.12.001"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.2953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T17:19:52Z","timestamp":1729531192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.2953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.2953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2953","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}