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This study was a randomized, double\u2010blind, pseudo\u2010controlled trial in which 45 ASD children were recruited and divided into three groups with sex, age, and rehabilitation treatment as control variables. Each group of 15 children with ASD was randomly administered active HD\u2010tDCS with the Cz as the central anode, active HD\u2010tDCS with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) as the central anode, and sham HD\u2010tDCS with the Cz as the central anode with 14 daily sessions in 3\u2009weeks. The Social Responsiveness Scale Chinese Version (SRS\u2010Chinese Version) was compared 1\u2009week after stimulation with values recorded 1\u2009week prior to stimulation. At the end of treatment, both the anodal Cz and anodal left DLFPC tDCS decreased the measures of SRS\u2010Chinese Version. The total score of SRS\u2010Chinese Version decreased by 13.08%, social cognition decreased by 18.33%, and social communication decreased by 10.79%, which were significantly improved over the Cz central anode active stimulation group, especially in children with young age, and middle and low function. There was no significant change in the total score and subscale score of SRS\u2010Chinese Version over the Cz central anode sham stimulation group. In the F3 central anode active stimulation group, the total score of SRS\u2010Chinese Version decreased by 13%, autistic behavior decreased by 19.39%, and social communication decreased by 14.39%, which were all significantly improved. However, there was no significant difference in effect between the Cz and left DLPFC stimulation conditions. HD\u2010tDCS of the Cz central anode may be an effective treatment for social dysfunction in children with ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T10:25:47Z","timestamp":1694427947000},"page":"2035-2048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the Cz improves social dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, sham, controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1219-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonglu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Mental Health Research Center The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 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