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Thus, this study examined the developmental trajectory of emotion understanding in non\u2010clinical (NC) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS) using a <jats:italic>Test of Emotion Comprehension<\/jats:italic>. In the test, we measured children's understanding of (I) recognition of emotions based on facial expressions, (II) external causes of emotions, (III) desire\u2010based emotions, (IV) belief\u2010based emotions, (V) the influence of a reminder on a present emotional state, (VI) regulating an experienced emotion, (VII) hiding an emotional state, (VIII) mixed emotions, and (IX) moral emotions. A Bayesian modeling approach was applied to compare the developmental trajectories of emotion understanding across the syndrome groups. The results revealed that NC children and children with WS followed significantly different developmental trajectories in specific aspects of emotion understanding, while children with ASD followed a very similar path to NC children. Children with ASD and NC children gradually developed an understanding of each component of emotion comprehension as they matured. However, the understanding of some components, such as desire\u2010based emotions, hiding an emotional state, and moral emotions, in children with WS was affected by their Autism Spectrum Quotient scores. This is one of the first cross\u2010syndrome studies to assess the development of emotion comprehension in children with ASD and WS, providing important insights for understanding the nature of disability and advancing the development of intervention programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T08:48:37Z","timestamp":1700210917000},"page":"2378-2390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of emotion comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9198-5735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayaka","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences Senshu University  Kawasaki Japan"},{"name":"Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology Jichi 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