{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:55:16Z","timestamp":1791845716388,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emerging evidence suggests that gender dysphoria or gender diversity (GD) intersects frequently with autism spectrum disorder or autism traits. However, the magnitude and interpretation of this link continue to be debated. Most child studies on this topic were performed in clinical populations, and little is known about the generalizability of this co\u2010occurrence to the broader community, especially to non\u2010Western samples. Also, little is known about whether specific subdomains of autism are more strongly associated with GD. Therefore, we investigated GD and its association with autism traits in a Chinese community sample of 4\u201312\u2010year\u2010olds (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009379; 51% birth\u2010assigned girls). Parents provided information about GD characteristics using the standardized Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children and autism traits using the Chinese version of the Autism\u2010Spectrum Quotient\u2010Children. In addition, broader behavioral and emotional challenges were measured by the Behavior Problem Index (BPI) to account for psychological challenges other than autism traits. In this community sample of Chinese children, increased GD was associated with increased autism traits, even after accounting for the BPI. Of the four subscales, the Imagination and Patterns subscales in birth\u2010assigned girls and the Imagination subscale in birth\u2010assigned boys were especially associated with GD. These findings indicate that the association between GD and autism traits generalizes to a nonclinical, non\u2010Western sample. Clinicians and researchers working with clinical as well as community children should thus pay attention to the co\u2010occurrence of GD and autism traits, in and outside the West.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T18:41:25Z","timestamp":1702665685000},"page":"1407-1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gender diversity in a Chinese community sample and its associations with autism traits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna I. R.","family":"van der Miesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia Yun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender Studies Programme and Department of Psychology The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Shatin Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoi Ching","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cho Lam","family":"Ngan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug P.","family":"VanderLaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto  Mississauga Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Child and Youth Psychiatry Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9428-2832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang Ivy","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender Studies Programme and Department of Psychology The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Shatin Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for ASEBA school\u2010age forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T. 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