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There have, however, few pediatric studies that report clinical diagnoses have tested trial\u2010and\u2010error TI learning, in which participants infer item relations, rather than evaluate them explicitly from verbal descriptions. Children aged 8\u201310 underwent a battery of clinical assessments and received a range of diagnoses, potentially including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention\u2010deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders (AD), specific learning disorders (SLD), and\/or communication disorders (CD). Participants also performed a trial\u2010and\u2010error learning task that tested for TI. Response accuracy and reaction time were assessed using a statistical model that controlled for diagnostic comorbidity at the group level. Participants in all diagnostic categories showed evidence of TI. However, a model comparison analysis suggested that those diagnosed with ASD succeeded in a qualitatively different way, responding more slowly to each choice and improving faster across trials than their non\u2010ASD counterparts. Additionally, TI performance was not associated with IQ. Overall, our data suggest that superficially similar performance levels between ASD and non\u2010ASD participants may have resulted from a difference in the speed\u2010accuracy tradeoff made by each group. Our work provides a preliminary profile of the impact of various clinical diagnoses on TI performance in young children. Of these, an ASD diagnosis resulted in the largest difference in task strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T06:19:38Z","timestamp":1725344378000},"page":"2355-2369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transitive inference in a clinical childhood sample with a focus on autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Science, New York City College of Technology City University of New York (CUNY)  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Michaelcheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alix School of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent P.","family":"Ferrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Psychiatry Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert S.","family":"Terrace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Psychiatry Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Reed College  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Integrative guide to the 1991 CBCL\/4\u201318, YSR, and TRF profiles","year":"1991","author":"Achenbach T. 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