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A hypothesized underlying contributing mechanism is the imbalance in excitation and inhibition (E\/I), partly influenced by the levels of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate (Glu) and inhibitory neurotransmitter \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. Although many have reported the levels of GABA and Glu in the brain, only a few reports address the temporal cortex and then only with a small sample of autistic children, and often only in one hemisphere. We used a macromolecular suppressed edited\u2010magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) sequence to study GABA and Glu (as potential key players influencing E\/I) in a large sample of children with ASD in the right and left temporal cortices of children with (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200956) and without (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930) ASD (7\u201318\u2009years). As a group, children with ASD exhibited no differences in the left hemisphere (GABA and Glu Cohen's |d|: 0.24 and 0.03), but the right hemisphere showed higher GABA and lower Glu concentrations (GABA and Glu Cohen's |d|: 0.53 and 0.65) compared to neurotypicals. Furthermore, a negative association was found between the right hemisphere Glu levels of the ASD group and a clinical assessment tool (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.361, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022), reflecting autism trait severity (social responsiveness scale). In conclusion, we highlight the chemical abnormalities in children with ASD through a cross\u2010sectional measurement. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether these chemical levels persist or resolve over development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T05:55:26Z","timestamp":1731390926000},"page":"2558-2571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<scp>GABA<\/scp> and glutamate measurements in temporal cortex of autistic children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6921-112X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad G.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Bloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Blaskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P. L.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.65"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"553","article-title":"Improved algorithm for noniterative time\u2010domain model fitting to exponentially damped magnetic resonance signals","volume":"73","author":"Barkhuijsen H.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1057221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640701190841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb32915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2505_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Social responsiveness scale\u20102","author":"Constantino J. 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