{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:07:53Z","timestamp":1776056873041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>New evidence suggests that autism may be associated with (a) varied behavioral responses to folate therapy and (b) metabolic anomalies, including those in folate metabolism, that contribute to hypomethylation of DNA. We hypothesized that children with autism who are homozygous for the <jats:italic>MTHFR<\/jats:italic> 677 T allele (TT) and, to a lesser extent those with the CT variant, would exhibit more behavioral problems and\/or more severe problematic behaviors than homozygous wild\u2010type (CC) individuals because of difficulties in effectively converting 5,10\u2010MTHF to 5\u2010MTHF. Data from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) collection were analyzed for all children who met strict criteria for autism per the Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2014Revised (ADI\u2010R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and who had been genotyped for the 677 C to T <jats:italic>MTHFR<\/jats:italic> polymorphism (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=147). Chi\u2010square tests, logistic regression, and one\u2010way ANOVAs were used to determine whether differences existed among <jats:italic>MTHFR<\/jats:italic> genotypes for specific behaviors on the ADI\u2010R and indices for level of functioning. Exploratory results indicated four behaviors from the ADI\u2010R that were more common and problematic (95% CI) among those with at least one copy of the T allele as compared to homozygous wild\u2010type individuals: direct gaze, current complex body movements, a history of self\u2010injurious behavior, and current overactivity (ORs=2.72, 2.33, 2.12, 2.47, respectively). No differences existed among genotypes for level of functioning as measured with the <jats:italic>Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test\u2014Third Edition<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ravens Colored Progressive Matrices<\/jats:italic>, or the <jats:italic>Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales<\/jats:italic>. Findings call for further investigation of the relationship between folate metabolism and problem behaviors among children with autism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T20:14:56Z","timestamp":1238444096000},"page":"98-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The <i>MTHFR 677<\/i>C\u2192T polymorphism and behaviors in children with autism: exploratory genotype\u2013phenotype correlations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Robin P.","family":"Goin\u2010Kochel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarika U.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwan","family":"Shinawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trilochan","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur L.","family":"Beaudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","article-title":"Parent ratings of behavioral effects of biomedical interventions","volume":"34","author":"Autism Research Institute","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autism Research Review International"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700028099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0507-534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Associaton of MTHFR gene variants with autism","volume":"9","author":"Boris M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-1038-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2983471"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20014091084209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0595-111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576050200030501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1611"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.5.061903.180014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"808","article-title":"Twin concordance for the autism spectrum based on community diagnoses and screening of a birth cohort. [Abstract]","volume":"35","author":"Kees E.K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behavior Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule\u2014Generic (ADOS\u2010G)","author":"Lord C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000018070.88380.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.e472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"408","volume-title":"Assessment of childhood disorders","author":"Newsom C.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10480-015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Colored progressive matrices: Sets I and II","author":"Raven J.C.","year":"1947"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"SAS","author":"SAS Institute","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales","author":"Sparrow S.S.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.8.619"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Faur.70","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.70","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T21:43:43Z","timestamp":1695937423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.70"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.70"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.70","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]]}}}