{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T08:58:28Z","timestamp":1781254708904,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1150\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1150\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005155","name":"Azrieli Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) is evident in &lt;\u20090.6% of births. It is defined by abnormally large cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and otherwise normal neuroimaging findings before 2\u2009years of age. BEH has not been associated with specific developmental disorders and is not treated because it usually resolves spontaneously. However, quantitative MRI studies have reported that some toddlers with autism exhibit enlarged extra\u2010axial CSF (EA\u2010CSF) volumes. Our objective was to determine whether a subgroup of children with autism exhibits both qualitative BEH and quantitative EA\u2010CSF volume enlargements. We analyzed clinical brain MRI scans in a retrospective sample of 136 children, 5\u201399 months old, 83 with autism, who were assessed for BEH by neuroradiologists. EA\u2010CSF volume and total cerebral volume (TCV) were quantified in T2\u2010weighted scans by manual labeling. Measures were compared across groups while stratifying participants by age. Neuroradiologists reported BEH findings in 33% of autistic children scanned before the age of 2\u2009years old (i.e., before autism diagnosis). Quantitative MRI analyses demonstrated that autistic children in this age group exhibited significantly larger EA\u2010CSF volumes relative to controls (\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>(49)<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.89,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006, Cohen's\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.82) with 30% of autistic children and 9.5% of the controls exhibiting EA\u2010CSF\/TCV ratios &gt;\u20090.14, a previously suggested threshold of potential clinical relevance. EA\u2010CSF differences were not apparent in older children. The prevalence of BEH associated with quantifiable EA\u2010CSF enlargements was remarkably high in toddlers who later developed autism, suggesting a specific autism etiology involving early transient CSF circulation problems with potentially long\u2010lasting neurodevelopmental impact.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T09:50:02Z","timestamp":1754646602000},"page":"1796-1804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Benign External Hydrocephalus in a Subgroup of Autistic Children Prior to Autism Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3862-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gal","family":"Ben\u2010Arie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department Soroka University Medical Center  Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Shelef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department Soroka University Medical Center  Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gal","family":"Meiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department Soroka University Medical Center  Beer Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Ben Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idan","family":"Menashe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Ben Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Public Health Department Ben Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8106-5209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilan","family":"Dinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Ben Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Psychology Department Ben Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Cognitive and Brain Sciences Department Ben Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3589-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayelet","family":"Arazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1419-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.77.6.901"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development","author":"Bayley N.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.3.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01671-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201900186"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.06.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu242"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Benign Extracerebral Fluid Collections in Infancy: Clinical Presentation and Long\u2010Term Follow\u2010up","volume":"107","author":"Hellbusch L. 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