{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:59:42Z","timestamp":1773025182612,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/W006774\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W006774\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/X014207\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/X014207\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Adolescence is a time of complex social and emotional development when friendships become of particular importance. Previous research has highlighted differences in the social experience of autistic and non\u2010autistic adolescents, as well as that of autistic girls and boys. However, no study has compared the social experiences of autistic and non\u2010autistic adolescents, including gender differences, in a population\u2010representative sample. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), Sweep 6, we investigated differences between autistic (girls\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009111, boys\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009387) and non\u2010autistic (girls\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095847, boys\u2009=\u20095697) adolescents (mean age\u2009=\u200913.7\u2009years, range\u2009=\u200913\u201315) regarding self\u2010reports of: (i) having close friends, (ii) time spent with friends, (iii) social support, (iv) social alienation, (v) happiness with friendships, and (vi) having a romantic partner. Autistic adolescents reported having fewer close friends and spending less time with their friends. Autistic boys felt less socially supported than non\u2010autistic adolescents, while autistic girls felt more socially alienated than all other groups considered in the study. After accounting for hyperactivity and emotional problems, all girls felt more socially alienated than boys. Only autistic boys were unhappier with friendships than non\u2010autistic children. No group differences were found regarding romantic relationships. Some social experiences of adolescents vary greatly by both gender and diagnostic status. Further research should seek to examine the impact of these differences on mental health and well\u2010being.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T09:15:54Z","timestamp":1757668554000},"page":"2307-2322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differences in the Social Experiences of Autistic and Non\u2010Autistic Adolescents by Gender"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1877-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellie","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biosciences, Medical Sciences Building University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3564-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Mandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational, &amp; Health Psychology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6207-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Flouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1025879411971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108624.00156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361303007001007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010007\u20109156\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361317703090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010006\u20100164\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010011\u20101236\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316671845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2023.2225663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20104405(03)00048\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181985068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613221077721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2040\u20102392\u20105\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361314543530"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489\u2010020\u201000197\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08856250903450855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010017\u20103315\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231219743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14301\/llcs.v7i4.410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010010\u20101076\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361311416380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489\u2010024\u201000487\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20103802.2010.01148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.03.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Social Characteristics of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders Across Various Classroom Settings","volume":"17","author":"Lyons J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal on Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231194476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.3475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361312474121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (ONS).2022.\u201cONS Website Statistical Bulletin Ethnic Group England and Wales: Census 2021.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2013.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","unstructured":"Plewis I. L.Calderwood D.Hawkes G.Hughes andH.Joshi.2004.\u201cMCS: Technical Report on Sampling.\u201dUK: Centre for Longitudinal Studies."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.132.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2012.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02724316211051948"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320967789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318794930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/AIA\u201001\u20102020\u20100007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2012.02606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.100.1.101\u2010108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359\u2010023\u201001192\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2008.03.004"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.70118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T07:18:17Z","timestamp":1764314297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.70118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.70118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.70118","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}