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Self\u2010compassion may offer a protective buffer against mental health difficulties, but its measurement validity and interaction with loneliness have not been studied in autistic populations. This two\u2010part study examined (1) the dimensional structure of the Self\u2010Compassion Scale (SCS) in a global sample of autistic (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009377) and non\u2010autistic (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009196) adults, and (2) whether self\u2010compassion moderates the relationship between loneliness and depression in both groups. Confirmatory factor analyses tested multiple models of the SCS, and multigroup regression models tested moderation effects using loneliness and depression scores. The SCS was best represented by two factors\u2014compassionate and uncompassionate self\u2010responding\u2014in both autistic and non\u2010autistic groups. Measurement invariance was supported. In moderation analyses, uncompassionate self\u2010responding significantly moderated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms among non\u2010autistic adults, but not autistic adults. Uncompassionate self\u2010responding was significantly associated with greater depression symptoms in both groups. These findings support using a two\u2010factor structure of the SCS in autistic samples and suggest that reducing uncompassionate self\u2010responding may benefit mental health broadly. However, self\u2010compassion did not buffer the loneliness\u2013depression link for autistic adults, highlighting the need for alternative protective factors tailored to this population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:36:42Z","timestamp":1764664602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Understanding Self\u2010Compassion in Autistic Adults: Validity Evidence and Its Links to Loneliness and Depression Across Autistic and Non\u2010Autistic Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2954-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ru Ying","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Mindful, Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, University of Melbourne  Travancore Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Dueber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Herb Innovation Center, University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Toland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Herb Innovation Center, University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5058-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Inclusive Futures, Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail M. A.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010020\u201001575\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010019\u201003947\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23354"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Psychometrick\u00e9 Charakteristiky \u010desk\u00e9 Verze Self\u2010Compassion Scale (SCS\u2010CZ) [Psychometric Characteristics of the Czech Version of the Self\u2010Compassion Scale (SCS\u2010CZ)]","volume":"60","author":"Benda J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 Psychologie: \u010casopis pro Psychologickou Teorii a Praxi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826\u2010018\u20101125\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000211"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","volume-title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research","author":"Brown T. 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