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However, it is unclear what specifically is different, whether such differences remain after controlling for facial morphology and alexithymia, and whether production differences relate to perception differences. Therefore, we (1) comprehensively compared the spatiotemporal and kinematic properties of autistic and non\u2010autistic expressions after controlling these factors, and (2) examined the contribution of production\u2010related variables to emotion perception. We used facial motion capture to record 2448 cued and 2448 spoken expressions of anger, happiness, and sadness from autistic and matched non\u2010autistic adults. Subsequently, we extracted the activation and jerkiness of numerous facial landmarks across time, generating over 265 million datapoints. Participants also completed an emotion recognition task. Autistic participants relied more on the mouth, and less on the eyebrows, to signal anger than their non\u2010autistic peers. For happiness, autistic participants showed a less exaggerated smile that also did not \u201creach the eyes.\u201d For sadness, autistic participants tended to produce a downturned expression by raising their upper lip more than their non\u2010autistic peers. Alexithymia predicted less differentiated angry and happy expressions. For non\u2010autistic individuals, those who produced more precise spoken expressions had greater emotion recognition accuracy. No production\u2010related factors contributed to autistic emotion recognition. This mismatch could explain why autistic people find it difficult to recognize non\u2010autistic expressions, and vice versa; autistic and non\u2010autistic faces may be essentially \u201cspeaking a different language\u201d when conveying emotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:30:17Z","timestamp":1768782617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mismatching Expressions: Spatiotemporal and Kinematic Differences in Autistic and Non\u2010Autistic Facial Expressions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5906-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connor T.","family":"Keating","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Birmingham  Birmingham West Midlands UK"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Sowden\u2010Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Birmingham  Birmingham West Midlands UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"O\u2032Donoghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Birmingham  Birmingham West Midlands UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Birmingham  Birmingham West Midlands UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2040\u20102392\u20102\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910601040772"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103999(94)90005\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010009\u20100884\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2016.7477553"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y95\u2010035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6094-3_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1223806"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00002-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20101523.26.2.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt208"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612463582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/AIA-12-2023-0072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"270","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Deriso D. 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