{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:15:46Z","timestamp":1788308146461,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01ES11269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01ES11269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES020392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES020392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES028089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES028089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES023513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES023513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R\/U24ES028533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/U24ES028533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50HD103526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50HD103526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014370","name":"Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFARI #863967, RJS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFARI #863967, RJS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD\u2010829388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD\u2010829388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD\u2010833292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD\u2010833292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007857","name":"Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the relationship between early infant gut microbiome composition and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes. Fecal samples from children in the markers of autism risks in babies\u2010learning early signs (MARBLES) study, a cohort with elevated likelihood of autism, were collected between 0 and 7\u2009months of age and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate whether the gut microbial composition during early infancy is associated with later neurodevelopmental diagnoses. Clinical classification as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), non\u2010typically developing without ASD (non\u2010TD), or typically developing (TD) was completed around 36\u2009months of age using gold\u2010standard assessment tools. Overall, no significant differences in alpha diversity or beta diversity, nor any differentially abundant bacterial taxa, were found between groups of infants who developed ASD or non\u2010TD compared to those who went on to have TD. Nonetheless, our findings highlight some early differences in gut microbial composition during infancy that may relate to later neurodevelopmental outcomes. Before adjusting for multiple comparisons, infants who later developed ASD had slightly lower levels of\n                    <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Flavonifractor<\/jats:italic>\n                    genera compared to children who were later found to be TD. These results suggest specific bacterial taxa may already differentiate in early infancy, but may be more subtle than other factors, such as mode of delivery and diet during early infancy. To understand longitudinal trajectories of the gut microbiome in association with later neurodevelopment, future studies should include a larger cohort to detect smaller effect sizes or investigate later time points in infancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T02:40:00Z","timestamp":1771814400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mixed Evidence for Impact of Early Infant Gut Microbiome and Later Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the\n                    <scp>MARBLES<\/scp>\n                    Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0885-2317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennie","family":"Sotelo\u2010Orozco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana H.","family":"Taft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences and Technology University of California Davis  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4130-9499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jassim","family":"Al\u2010Oboudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences and Technology University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany C.","family":"Baikie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences and Technology University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailyn","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California Davis  Davis California USA"},{"name":"MIND Institute, University of California Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sciences and Technology University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3884-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Tancredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California Davis  Davis California USA"},{"name":"MIND Institute, University of California Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irva","family":"Hertz\u2010Picciotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California Davis  Davis California USA"},{"name":"MIND Institute, University of California Davis  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah H.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743\u20107075\u20108\u201034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010021\u201005002\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1205707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361321995631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Package \u2018lme4\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Bates D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Convergence"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02566\u201002518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587\u2010019\u20100209\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010013\u20101973\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010020\u201004554\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051655"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuad014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1747329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.572752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.803538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010021\u201005395\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181d1b11e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101088RRR"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2010.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168\u20101605(99)00007\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168\u2010018\u20100523\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396\u2010021\u201001123\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201006473\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013\u20103937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091900"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576060210030401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201017041\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201036430\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","volume-title":"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule\u20132nd Edition (ADOS\u20102)","author":"Lord C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.881872"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2016.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/mehd.v23i0.19260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000083967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010024\u201001014\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920\u2010012\u20100337\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning","author":"Mullen E. M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010019\u20100578\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023\u2010065297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46101\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620\u2010020\u201006133\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11080545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538\u20107305.1948.tb01338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7402a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2021.00168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168\u2010017\u20100242\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.045823\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.14.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201013009\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1123658"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03558\u201022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2358"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.70207","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aur.70207","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.70207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:04:49Z","timestamp":1776416689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.70207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.70207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.70207","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70207"}}