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However, the bidirectional relationship between the parents' and children's symptoms remains unclear, especially in the years following the child's autism diagnosis. Addressing this gap, our study investigates the bidirectional association between parental\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and two subdomains of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (internalizing and externalizing difficulties) in autistic children from diagnosis (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T0<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) to 3\u2009years later (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T1<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). Data from the French\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELENA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cohort were analyzed using two\u2010wave cross\u2010lagged panel models (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLPM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). At the time of diagnosis, 55.2% of mothers and 42.7% of fathers among 315 parents exhibited clinically significant\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , while 61.3% of children experienced clinical\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLPMs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    did not reveal any directional association between parental\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and children's\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . However, we observed significant autoregressive effects for parental\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and children's\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , with a moderate positive correlation between the two at the time of diagnosis. Our findings highlight significant psychological distress in both parents and children at the time of diagnosis and therefore recommend suitable interventions for families requiring social, financial, or psychological support. Future longitudinal studies with greater representation of girls, using continuous\u2010time models could clarify whether parent\u2013child associations are time\u2010lag dependent (including identifying potential peak lags) and whether they differ across parent\u2013child sex dyads.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:44:53Z","timestamp":1773985493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reciprocal Associations Between Parental Anxiety\/Depression and Emotional\/Behavioral Difficulties in Autistic Children Following Their Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ma\u00ebva","family":"Monnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Resources Centre of Languedoc\u2010Roussillon &amp; Centre of Excellence for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (CeAND) Montpellier University Hospital  Montpellier France"},{"name":"Developmental Psychiatry and Trajectories Team Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP)  Villejuif France"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Public Health (EDSP) University of Paris\u2010Saclay  Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"University of Versailles\u2010Saint\u2010Quentin in Yvelines  Versailles France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Peyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Resources Centre of Languedoc\u2010Roussillon &amp; 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