{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:51:36Z","timestamp":1781776296170,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/01662\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/01662\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.13441.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13441.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018680","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Jove","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018942","name":"Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431G\u20102023\/04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431G\u20102023\/04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018942","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>C\u2010Tactile (CT) targeted affective touch plays a central role in social cognition and emotional development. In autism, atypical sensory processing, particularly in response to tactile stimulation, has frequently been reported. Autistic individuals have been shown to exhibit altered perception and reduced hedonic evaluation of affective touch, as well as increased defensive responses. Despite these differences in direct touch, the perception of vicarious social touch or its connection to social and emotional constructs remains poorly explored. Vicarious touch is theoretically relevant because it recruits social\u2010cognitive and affective mechanisms beyond primary somatosensory processing; however, most prior studies have focused on neural correlates in neurotypical adults, with limited behavioral investigation and scarce evidence in autistic populations. The present study evaluated how autistic and non\u2010autistic adolescents and young adults perceive vicarious social touch. Participants observed videos depicting touch delivered at three different speeds (static, CT\u2010optimal, and fast) and across five skin locations (back, upper arm, ventral forearm, dorsal forearm, and palm). Participants provided subjective ratings of how pleasant they believed the touch was for the person in the video (numeric rating scale (NRS) Other\/pleasantness) and how much they would like to be touched in the same way (NRS Self\/willingness). We also examined associations with empathy and touch\u2010related attitudes. Results showed no group differences in the pleasantness and willingness ratings. However, a significant three\u2010way interaction between speed, skin location, and group emerged for the NRS Self. Across both groups, ratings indicated that speed and skin location modulated ratings, with CT\u2010optimal stroking and touch in the back rated as most pleasant. For NRS Self, male participants reported higher pleasantness than females, across groups. Pleasantness and willingness ratings were positively correlated with attitudes toward touch from friends and family and toward self\u2010care, but not with other touch\u2010related attitudes or empathy scores, across groups. Finally, autistic individuals reported significantly lower empathy and less positive touch\u2010related experiences than non\u2010autistic participants. Overall, these findings suggest that global vicarious touch perception may be relatively preserved in autistic adolescents and young adults, while individual differences in empathy and touch\u2010related experiences may contribute to broader variability in social touch processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:06:30Z","timestamp":1779098790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vicarious Perception of Touch in\n                    <scp>ASD<\/scp>\n                    : The Role of Empathy and Touch Experiences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory (PNL), research Center in Psychology (CIPsi) School of Psychology, University of Minho  Braga Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Pozo\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4589-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Ribeiro\u2010Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory (PNL), research Center in Psychology (CIPsi) School of Psychology, University of Minho  Braga Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Psicolox\u00eda (IPsiUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1693-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabela Conde\u2010Pumpido","family":"Zubizarreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Tub\u00edo\u2010Fungueiri\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica Galega Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Genetics Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Carracedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Genetics Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica Galega de Medicina Xen\u00f3mica Servicio Galego de Sa\u00fade (SERGAS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3800-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montse","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela (USC)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica Galega Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Genetics Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)  Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory (PNL), research Center in Psychology (CIPsi) School of Psychology, University of Minho  Braga Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Achenbach T. M. andL. A.Rescorla.2001.Manual for the ASEBA School\u2010Age Forms and Profiles.https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/reference\/referencespapers?referenceid=1855203."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2847\u201013.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010007\u20100459\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2005.01546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2005.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010012\u20109689\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010014\u20102212\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361311430404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010013\u20101961\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00179.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582304267187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010014\u20102048\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.557171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010007\u20100486\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756\u2010199907130\u201000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489\u2010023\u201000364\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6845.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201098802\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010019\u201004087\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/MONO.132.1.5\u201094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2022.101114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2005.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.967791"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3182130c54"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2013.809700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00791"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6418-5_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20107687.2006.00492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010009\u20102007\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010017\u20103163\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6418-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2024.114600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","unstructured":"Pereira A. R. M.Pozo M.Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Prieto A.Sampaio andA. J.Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Villar.2023.Translation and Validation of the Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ) for the Spanish population [Poster Presentation]. XIII Congreso de la SEPNECA Santiago de Compostela Spain.https:\/\/sepneca.es\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/SEPNECA_2023_con_ISBN.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","volume-title":"Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales","author":"Reynolds C. R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010010\u20101173\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2014.950221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113797"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2011.02499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neucas\/8.3.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Blackwell Handbook of Infant Development","author":"Stack D. M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519231112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.61.2.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010018\u20103468\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.6.2753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u20108993(93)90968\u2010S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70096\/tssr.240206005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.11.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","volume-title":"WAIS\u2010III Administration and Scoring Manual","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd Edition (WPPSI\u2010III)","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2010Fourth Edition","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.70269","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aur.70269","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.70269","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:56:19Z","timestamp":1781772979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.70269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.70269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.70269","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70269"}}