{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:29:21Z","timestamp":1791685761375,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MA 7813\/1\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MA 7813\/1\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TE 280\/15\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TE 280\/15\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with differences in neurodevelopment and altered metabolism, yet the interplay between brain morphometry, mitochondrial and energy metabolism biomarkers, and autistic traits in adults remains poorly understood. This study investigates the link between brain structure, psychometric measures, and both central and peripheral metabolic biomarkers in adults with ASD. We studied 145 adults, including 74 with ASD and 71 control participants (CON) using high\u2010resolution 3\u2010Tesla MRI to assess cortical thickness, subcortical and global brain volumes. Central energy metabolism was indexed by the posterior\u2010cingulate lactate\u2009+\u2009threonine (Lac\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) peak quantified with proton\u2010MRS. We examined associations between biomarkers of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism (including lactate, pyruvate, creatine kinase, and multiple acylcarnitines). Psychometric evaluations included measures of ASD and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity, as well as other psychiatric comorbidities. Between\u2010group differences and correlations were assessed using robust statistics, controlling for age, sex, image quality, and total intracranial volume. Adults with ASD showed significantly larger bilateral caudate volumes compared to CON. Within the ASD group, higher ADHD symptom severity in childhood correlated with reduced cortical thickness in multiple frontal and temporal regions. Among metabolic markers, acylcarnitine C5:1 was positively associated with right insular cortex thickness, while C18:1\u2010OH and C18:2 levels correlated positively with caudate volume. Caudate nucleus volume is associated not only with an ASD diagnosis but also with specific peripheral energy\u2010metabolism blood markers, such as specific acylcarnitines. Alterations in cortical thickness were also correlated with acylcarnitine levels and, to a greater extent, with co\u2010occurring ADHD symptoms. While alterations in cortical thickness and basal ganglia structure have been previously described in ASD and comorbid ADHD, the linkage between mitochondrial and energy metabolism biomarkers with neuroanatomical alterations in ASD is, to our knowledge, a novel observation that warrants further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:30:42Z","timestamp":1780644642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Linking Brain Morphometry to Psychometric Measures and Energy\u2010Metabolic Biomarkers in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8571-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Esposto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine Tor Vergata University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimon","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Domschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Partner Site Berlin\/Potsdam  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7467-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Reisert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Children's and Women's Medicine, Center for Pediatrics, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg\/Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Niolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine Tor Vergata University of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludger Tebartz","family":"van Elst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.103555"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/tjb\u20102020\u20100420"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201700012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166\u20104328(01)00297\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19030331"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Proton MR Spectroscopy of the Brain in 14 Patients With Parkinson Disease","volume":"16","author":"Bowen B. C.","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282913517525"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120210109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.57.2.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"679","volume-title":"The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcomes Assessment","author":"Derogatis L. R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.20050630"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.579139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.1194"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Comprehensive Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Vol. 2: Personality Assessment","author":"First M. B.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106520"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.11.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giae049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1706"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu242"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010012\u20101677\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2004.00215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010006\u20100123\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1643"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010019\u20100138\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02211841"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229\u2010023\u201000577\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010019\u201001246\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229\u2010024\u201000583\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010019\u20100679\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000877"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.12.1417"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181b395c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12091187"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00521"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201067507\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5607\/en20030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010018\u20103566\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115\u2010001\u20101215\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291\u2010018\u20100352\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00957"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1297\u201004.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0278\u20105846(99)00020\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/b:jadd.0000005995.02453.0b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707741104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","unstructured":"Spielberger C. D.2012.\u201cState\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults [Dataset].\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t06496\u2010000."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481756.2017.1318636"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v094.i15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20104159.2010.06614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2011_138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17010100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12040439"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100033\u20101349595"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607061104"}],"container-title":["Autism Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.70288","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aur.70288","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aur.70288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:24:38Z","timestamp":1784298278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aur.70288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aur.70288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.70288","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-3792","1939-3806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-3792","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70288"}}