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These experiences are hypothesized to reflect underlying differences in sensory gain or neural hyperexcitability; however, findings across studies have yielded mixed results, likely due to methodological variability. This study aimed to evaluate whether group differences in contrast\u2010dependent neural and behavioral responses to a visual stimulus would be observed across complementary methods: psychophysics, fMRI, and EEG. Thirty\u2010one autistic and twenty\u2010seven non\u2010autistic adults completed experimental sessions in which they passively viewed bilaterally presented 6\u2009Hz counterphase flickering checkerboards at high (100%) and low (2%) contrast. Neural responses were measured using the blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent (BOLD) signal from fMRI and steady\u2010state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) from EEG. Contrast robustly modulated responses across experiments, eliciting higher neural responses; however, no group differences emerged in BOLD or behavioral thresholds. The only significant group difference was observed in SSVEP amplitudes, with autistic individuals showing significantly higher neural entrainment to the flickering stimulus than their non\u2010autistic counterparts. Moreover, SSVEP amplitudes were associated with BOLD responses to the same low contrast visual stimulus, suggesting convergence between frequency\u2010locked EEG responses and hemodynamic activity. SSVEP amplitudes were additionally associated with self\u2010reported measures of hypersensitivity, linking heightened neural entrainment to individual differences in sensory experiences. They also showed a differential relationship with perceptual thresholds across groups. These findings show that differences between autistic and non\u2010autistic participants were more evident in frequency\u2010locked neural responses to periodic visual input, as measured by SSVEPs, and that these responses were meaningfully related to visual cortical BOLD activity and sensory hypersensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T03:35:46Z","timestamp":1785555346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual Responsivity in Autism: Measuring Visual Responses in Autistic and Non\u2010Autistic Adults Using Psychophysics,\n                    <scp>fMRI<\/scp>\n                    , and\n                    <scp>EEG<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9194-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela L.","family":"Seczon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3230-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Woodard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0163-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar","family":"Kolodny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beersheba Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3786-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pettet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4101-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Jane","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3241-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott O.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010008\u20100593\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042\u20106989(98)00113\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16\u201013\u201004207.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010014\u20102212\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.55.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw375"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231222656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008574"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000140086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00146550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"Social Responsiveness Scale: Manual","author":"Constantino J. 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