{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:50:21Z","timestamp":1792162221393,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR075812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR075812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dnr. 2019\u201000227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr. 2019\u201000227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To investigate the long\u2010term risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), addressing potential immune comorbidity in ASD populations. A population\u2010based matched cohort was assembled using Swedish registers, including 46,164 individuals diagnosed with ASD between 1987 and 2017, matched to 4,634,895 controls by sex and birth year. Cohort members were followed from age 18 until RA diagnosis, death, emigration, or end of follow\u2010up, providing up to 30\u2009years of observation into adulthood. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) for RA, with sensitivity analyses adjusting for parental autoimmune, psychiatric history, and socioeconomic status. RA diagnosis rates were similar between individuals with ASD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200958, 0.13%) and controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095484, 0.12%), with no increased risk: overall HR\u2009=\u20091.06 (95% CI 0.82\u20131.37), seropositive HR\u2009=\u20091.00 (0.67\u20131.48), and seronegative HR\u2009=\u20091.12 (0.79\u20131.57). Complementary analyses adjusting for parental psychiatric history, autoimmune conditions, and socioeconomic factors yielded consistent null findings (HR\u2009=\u20091.34, 95% CI 0.97\u20131.84). Sensitivity analyses, including accelerated failure time models and alternative RA subtype definitions, confirmed these results. This large\u2010scale population study does not suggest an increased RA risk in individuals with ASD. Despite suggested immune dysfunction in ASD and shared genetic pathways with autoimmune conditions, we did not observe evidence that ASD is associated with elevated RA risk during adulthood; In conclusion, these findings inform understanding of autoimmune comorbidity patterns in autism and may guide evidence\u2010based clinical monitoring for autistic adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.70349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:06:41Z","timestamp":1787983601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010Term Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population\u2010Based Matched Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5000-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evora Hailin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Z.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Haifa  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2021-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilda","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9534-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiyao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Christoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Churney ApS  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0433-0616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Askling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1298-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital  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