{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:45:03Z","timestamp":1790106303535,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,8]],"date-time":"2020-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583625600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":373,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006831","name":"U.S. Air Force","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006831","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["awwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AWWA Water Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) for carcinogenic volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) has not been evaluated in the low\u2010 to submicrogram per liter range. Rapid small\u2010scale column tests were used to determine the GAC performance at empty bed contact times (EBCTs) of 7.5 and 15\u2009min for 13 cVOCs at a target influent concentration of 5\u2009\u03bcg\/L in a typical groundwater matrix. Breakthrough was assessed for vinyl chloride, dichloromethane, 1,1\u2010dichloroethane (1,1 DCA), 1,2\u2010dichloroethane (1,2 DCA), 1,2\u2010dichloropropane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,3\u2010butadiene, 1,1,1,2\u2010tetrachloroethane, 1,2,3\u2010trichloropropane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene. The throughput to breakthrough was found to be linearly correlated to capacities calculated with single\u2010solute equilibrium isotherm parameters. Modest decreases, 9\u201313% on average, in throughput to 50 and 75% breakthrough were found when the EBCT was increased from 7.5 to 15\u2009min. The carbon use rate (CUR), when scaled to simulate full\u2010scale adsorption, indicated that GAC would be a viable technology for seven of the cVOCs evaluated, with a CUR threshold of less than 0.2 lb\/1,000\u2009gal. It may be possible to use 1,1 DCA and 1,2 DCA as surrogates for assessing chemicals near the feasibility limit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aws2.1128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T18:49:06Z","timestamp":1552934946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Granular activated carbon adsorption of carcinogenic volatile organic compounds at low influent concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Kempisty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado\u2014Boulder  Boulder Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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