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They are widely identified in mammals, but few have been reported in Crocodilians, which are considered to be species with a powerful immune system. In the present study, we identified and characterized a novel cathelicidin from the blood of the Siamese crocodile, <jats:italic>Crocodylus siamensis<\/jats:italic>. A cDNA sequence (501 base pair) encoded a predicted 166\u2010residue prepropeptide of <jats:italic>C. siamensis<\/jats:italic> cathelicidin (Cs\u2010CATH), which comprised a 21\u2010residue signal peptide, a 109\u2010residue cathelin domain, and a 36\u2010residue mature cathelicidin peptide. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Cs\u2010CATH shared a high degree of similarity with other crocodilian cathelicidins. Joint consideration of elastase cleavage site, physicochemical properties, and predicted secondary structure demonstrated that RN15 peptide is a candidate antimicrobial peptide derived from Cs\u2010CATH. The synthetic RN15 peptide demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated RN15\u2010peptide\u2010induced bacteria cells exhibited morphological change. Besides, RN15 peptide demonstrates low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes and low cytotoxic activity against normal human dermal fibroblasts. This is the first cathelicidin identified from <jats:italic>C. siamensis<\/jats:italic>, and it is highlighted that its derived peptide from cathelin domain promises potent novel peptide antibiotics templates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]],"date-time":"2018-11-10T11:44:22Z","timestamp":1541850262000},"page":"142-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Identification of the first <i>Crocodylus siamensis<\/i> cathelicidin gene and RN15 peptide derived from cathelin domain exhibiting antibacterial activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4636-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anupong","family":"Tankrathok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Agricultural Technology Kalasin University  Kalasin Thailand"},{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI) Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpaporn","family":"Punpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Agricultural Technology Kalasin University  Kalasin Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monrudee","family":"Kongchaiyapoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirinthip","family":"Sosiangdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI) Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisachon","family":"Jangpromma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI) Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Integrated Science Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakda","family":"Daduang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI) Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sompong","family":"Klaynongsruang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI) Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","author":"Pontes D. 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