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Here, we aimed to identify a biomarker signature for the early diagnosis of minimal residual disease (MRD). We assessed free light chains (FLCs), IgM k,and IgM \u03bb heavy\/light chain (HLC) pairs, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in sera from 34 patients with MC vasculitis (32 HCV\u2010 and 2 HBV\u2010related), treated with low\u2010dose rituximab (RTX). FLCs and IgM HLCs were measured by turbidimetric assay; VEGF by an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. After RTX, the positive (complete\u00a0+\u00a0partial) clinical and laboratory responses were of 85.29% and 50%, respectively; in contrast, the mean levels of FLCs, IgM HLCs, and VEGF were substantially unaffected in most patients and still above the normal range. In those achieving a reduction of FLCs and IgM k and \u03bb chains values within the range of normality, we found that post\u2010treatment free \u03bb chains and IgM k values correlated with clinical and laboratory response. Our results suggest that high levels of FLCs, IgM HLCs, and VEGF could represent the signature of \u201cdormant\u201d B cell clones\u2019 activity that could be very useful to identify MRD indicative of possible relapse or worsening outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]],"date-time":"2020-04-25T13:44:43Z","timestamp":1587822283000},"page":"319-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Biomarkers of minimal residual disease in rituximab\u2010treated patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Umberto","family":"Basile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. 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