{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:02:25Z","timestamp":1787238145178,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech and App Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this study, a novel pH\u2010sensitive hydrogel beads that is based on gelatin\/sodium alginate\/chitosan (GEL\/SA\/CS) loaded with propolis ethanolic extracts (PE) were synthesized. The swelling behavior of GEL\/SA\/CS hydrogel beads was studied in different pH solutions and compared with unloaded CS (GEL\/SA) hydrogel beads. The\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    release studies have been revealed using four different pH (1.3, 5.0, 6.0, and 6.8), a saliva environment (pH 6.8), a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (pH 1.3), and a simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) (pH 6.8) to simulate the physiological conditions in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Propolis\u2010loaded hydrogel beads were found to be stable at pH 1.3, 5.0, 6.0, simulated saliva, SGF, and SIF mediums, whereas the beads lose their stability at pH 6.8 buffer solution. Tested microorganisms displayed greater sensitivity to PE\u2010loaded hydrogel beads compared with pure propolis. Contrary to antimicrobial activity results, antibiofilm activity results of PE\u2010loaded GEL\/SA and GEL\/SA\/CS hydrogel beads were found at low levels. According to the obtained results, the propolis\u2010loaded GEL\/SA\/CS hydrogel beads synthesized within this study can be used in the treatment of GI tract diseases such as oral mucositis, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis, and GI cancer, as controlled releasing carriers of propolis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T09:15:47Z","timestamp":1595495747000},"page":"789-800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Design and\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    antibiofilm activity of propolis diffusion\u2010controlled biopolymers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozgur","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Processing Mugla Sitki Kocman University  Mugla Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3974-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"Karakus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Mugla Sitki Kocman University  Mugla Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9719-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huseyin","family":"Cicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Mugla Sitki Kocman University  Mugla Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2007.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2004.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.35440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720108785915005"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"766","volume":"31","author":"Wang G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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