{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T04:01:18Z","timestamp":1754107278974,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech and App Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women. Glutathione S\u2010transferase (<jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>) is involved in activation of detoxification reactions and catalysis of chemicals conjugation with glutathione. <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> genotype is a limiting factor for some environmental diseases. Epigenetic changes have an essential role in BC through inappropriate interaction between genomic and environmental risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was directed to explore the association of BC risk with <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> genetic variations and its methylation status in Egyptian women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 100 healthy women as the control group and 100 patients were clinically and histologically diagnosed with breast cancer. All blood samples were used for genomic DNA extraction. <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> genotyping was accomplished by multiplex PCR and methylation\u2010specific PCR was used to analyze the <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> promoter methylation status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast cancer patients showed significant incidence of null <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> in relation to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004). <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> gene promoter methylation status showed significant difference between hypermethylated and unmethylated patients when compared with healthy subjects (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005). <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> promoter methylation status was not significantly associated with null genotype. There was no significant association between <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>\u2010null genotypes and BC stage in cases with or without family history, but for promotor methylation, there was significant association with stage III and IV breast cancer disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> null genetic variant and promoter hypermethylation in the <jats:italic>GSTT<\/jats:italic> region of the gene may be considered as critical risk factors for BC in Egyptian women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T20:14:52Z","timestamp":1613679292000},"page":"526-533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Glutathione S transferase T1 gene polymorphism and its promoter methylation are associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Egyptian women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0616-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nermin","family":"Raafat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khadiga","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Taif University  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nahed M.","family":"Hawsawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Taif University  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taisir","family":"Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Taif University  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wael H.","family":"Elsawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Abdulmutaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health King Faisal Medical Complex Alpakistany  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Raafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8008-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal F.","family":"Gharib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Taif University  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.8.2523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejcm.2019.30913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BA20070271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Glutathione S\u2010transferase M1, M3, P1, and T1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Mitrunen K","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. 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