{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:15:04Z","timestamp":1788149704311,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech and App Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tuberculosis, caused by mycobacteria, continues to pose a substantial public health threat. Mycobacteria typically use cholesterol from the membranes of host macrophages as a carbon and energy source. Most genes that control cholesterol degradation are regulated by KstR, which is highly conserved in\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Through bioinformatic analysis, we found a typical global nitrogen regulator (GlnR)\u2010binding motif (CCGAC\u2010AACAGT\u2010GACAC) in the promoter region of\n                    <jats:italic>kstR<\/jats:italic>\n                    of\n                    <jats:italic>M. smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and we determined its binding activity in vitro using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Using RT\u2010qPCR, we found that nine genes involved in side\u2010chain or sterol\u2010ring oxidation were upregulated in a \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>glnR M. smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain compared to the WT strain and\n                    <jats:italic>glnR<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010complemented strains under nitrogen limitation. ATP assays in macrophages revealed that coordinated GlnR\u2013KstR regulation significantly reduced the viability of\n                    <jats:italic>M. smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in macrophages. Thus, we found that various genes involved in cholesterol catabolism are regulated by GlnR via KstR in response to environmental nitrogen, and that they further affect the invasive ability of\n                    <jats:italic>M. smegmatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of cholesterol catabolism, which may be useful in the development of new strategies for controlling tuberculosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T04:20:30Z","timestamp":1621398030000},"page":"1209-1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["GlnR\u2010mediated regulation of KstR controls cholesterol catabolism in\n                    <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University  Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Bing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao\u2010Qi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Di","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5555-5359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bang\u2010Ce","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University  Xinjiang China"},{"name":"Lab of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.2019Global tuberculosis report 2019. 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