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Cytotoxicity\u2010related indicators including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsule polysaccharide (CPS), and outer membrane protein expression were measured. Intranasal inoculation of pneumoconiosis was used to construct a mouse infection model, and the survival rate and cytokine expression level were tested. Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP\u20101) showed a significant antibacterial effect, which improved the permeability of the outer membrane of <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, HNP\u20101 decreased LPS, CPS content, and outer membrane proteins. <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection decreased antimicrobial peptide, oxidative stress, and autophagy\u2010related genes, while HNP\u20101 increased these genes. After coculture with macrophages, the endocytosis of macrophages is enhanced and the bacterial load is greater in the <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> + peptide group. Besides, higher levels of pp38 and pp65 in the <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> + peptide group. HNP\u20101 rescued the cytotoxicity induced by <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. The survival rate is significantly improved after <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> is treated by HNP\u20101. All cytokines in the peptide group were significantly higher. HNP\u20101 promotes immune sterilization by reducing the virulence of multidrug\u2010resistant <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and increasing the ability of macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T20:59:01Z","timestamp":1634763541000},"page":"2091-2101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Human neutrophil peptide 1 promotes immune sterilization in vivo by reducing the virulence of multidrug\u2010resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i> and increasing the ability of macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Hui\u2010Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Jiangyin Traditional Hospital  Wuxi 214005 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Taizhou Second People's Hospital  Jiangyan District Taizhou City China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010han","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Department Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8347-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subash C. 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