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In this study, an\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain that can efficiently produce the MPL has been constructed. The gene clusters related to the biosynthesis of O\u2010antigen, core oligosaccharide, enterobacterial common antigen, and colanic acid were sequentially removed to save the carbon source and to increase the activity of PagP in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    MG1655. Then, the genes\n                    <jats:italic>pldA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mlaA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>mlaC<\/jats:italic>\n                    related to the phospholipid transport system were further deleted, resulting in the strain MW012. Finally, the genes\n                    <jats:italic>lpxE<\/jats:italic>\n                    from\n                    <jats:italic>Francisella novicida<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>pagP<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>pagL<\/jats:italic>\n                    from\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    were overexpressed in MW012 to modify the structure of lipid A, resulting in the strain MW012\/pWEPL. Lipid A species were isolated from MW012\/pWEPL and analyzed by thin\u2010layer chromatography and liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. The results showed that mainly two MPL species were produced in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    MW012\/pWEPL, one is hexa\u2010acylated, and the other is penta\u2010acylated. More importantly, the proportion of the hexa\u2010acylated MPL, which is the most effective component of lipid A vaccine adjuvant, reached 75%.\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    MW012\/pWEPL constructed in this study provided a good alternative for the production of lipid A vaccine adjuvant MPL.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T01:24:01Z","timestamp":1674177841000},"page":"1332-1345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Metabolic engineering of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    to efficiently produce monophosphoryl lipid A"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi 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Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University  Wuxi 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