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To combat this issue, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of melanoma. Specifically, the use of epitope melanoma vaccine, a subset of immunotherapy, has recently gained attention. The aim of this study was to create a multi\u2010epitope melanoma vaccine using immunoinformatic methods. Two well\u2010known antigens, NYESO\u20101 and MAGE\u2010C2, were selected due to their strong immunogenicity and high expression in melanoma. To enhance the immunogenicity of the peptide vaccine, Brucella cell\u2010surface protein 31 (BCSP31), the G5 domain of resuscitation\u2010promoting factor B (RpfB) adjuvants, and the helper epitope of pan HLADR\u2010binding epitope (PADRE) were incorporated to vaccine construct. These different segments were connected with suitable linkers and the resulting vaccine structure was evaluated for its physicochemical, structural, and immunological properties using computational tools. The designed vaccine was found to have satisfactory allergenicity, antigenicity, and physicochemical parameters. Additionally, a high\u2010quality tertiary structure of the vaccine was achieved through modeling, refinement, and validation. Docking and molecular dynamics studies showed that the vaccine had a stable and appropriate interaction with the cognate TLR2 and TLR4 receptors during the simulation period. Finally, in silico immune simulation analysis revealed a significant increase in the levels of helper and cytotoxic T cells, as well as the cytokines interferon\u2010gamma and interleukin\u20102, after repeated exposure to the melanoma vaccine. These results suggest that the designed vaccine has the potential to be an effective therapeutic option for melanoma. However, additional in vitro and in vivo validations are crucial to assess real\u2010world efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T05:09:50Z","timestamp":1725858590000},"page":"164-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunoinformatic approach to design an efficient multi\u2010epitope peptide vaccine against melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Mahvash","family":"Dehghankhold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8103-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navid","family":"Nezafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Shiraz 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