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Currently, efforts are being made to dope ZnO in order to improve its optical, electrical, and ferromagnetic qualities as well as its crystallographic quality. Actually, doping is one of the simplest methods for enhancing an NP's physicochemical characteristics because it involves introducing impure ions into the crystal lattice of the particle. In this study, the biosynthesis of zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) and metal\u2010doped (Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and Ag<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) ZnONPs was carried out by using aqueous and water\u2010alcoholic extracts of <jats:italic>Cynara scolymus<\/jats:italic> L. leaves, <jats:italic>Carthamus tinctorius L<\/jats:italic>. flowers, and <jats:italic>Rheum ribes<\/jats:italic> L. (RrL) plant, which are rich in phytochemical content. Plant extracts act as a natural reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent in the production. The produced NPs were characterized using a variety of methods, such as ultraviolet\u2010visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The produced metal\u2010doped and undoped ZnONPs exhibited characteristic absorption peaks between 365 and 383\u00a0nm due to their surface plasmon resonance bands. SEM analysis revealed that the NPs were oval, nearly spherical, and spherical. In the FTIR spectra, the Zn\u2013O bonding peak ranges from 400 to 700\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The peaks obtained in the range of 407\u2013562\u00a0cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> clearly represent the Zn\u2013O bond. In addition, the FTIR results showed that there were notable amounts of phenol and flavonoid compounds in both the prepared extract and ZnONPs. According to DLS analysis results, the size distribution of produced NPs is between 120 and 786\u00a0nm. The antibacterial properties of green produced NPs on Gram\u2010positive (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> RN4220) and Gram\u2010negative (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> DH10B) bacterial strains were investigated by agar well diffusion method. In studies investigating the anticancer activities of biosynthesized NPs, mouse fibroblast cells (L929) were used as healthy cells and human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) were used as cancer cells. Only the produced Ag\u2010ZnONPs showed potent dose\u2010dependent antibacterial activity (at concentrations higher than 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) against Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative bacteria. RrL\u2010ZnONP\u2010600 and RrL\u2010ZnONP\u2010800 NPs produced with water\u2013ethanol extract of RrL plant and calcined at 600 and 800\u00b0C were effective at high concentrations in healthy cells and at low concentrations in HeLa cancer cells, showing that they have the potential to be anticancer agents. The study's findings highlight the potential of green synthesis techniques in the production of medicinal nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer and other biological uses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:49:24Z","timestamp":1730076564000},"page":"586-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigation of antibacterial and anticancer activities of biosynthesized metal\u2010doped and undoped zinc oxide nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaan","family":"\u015eendal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science Yildiz Technical University  Istanbul 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