{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:15:38Z","timestamp":1769559338120,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech and App Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study was designed to improve the sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity of the electrochemical method of detecting Parkinson's disease by identifying alpha\u2010synuclein as a biomarker using gold interdigitated electrodes (AuIDEs with and without surface modified with zinc oxide (ZnO). AuIDE modified with zinc oxide and AuIDE without zinc oxide were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, 3D profilometers, and a high\u2010power microscope. Current\u2013voltage measurements were performed for antigen\u2013antibody interaction and targeted detection using a Keithley 6482 Picoammeter. The linear range was from 1\u00a0fM to 1\u00a0pM. The limit of detections for AuIDE modified with zinc oxide and AuIDE without zinc oxide were calculated using the signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (S\/N) = 3 formula. Linear regression analysis of the AuIDE without zinc oxide was\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    of 0.9779. The linear regression analysis for AuIDE with zinc oxide was\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.9809. Regression analysis thus yielded a better result in the modified AuIDE. For the determination of selectivity, alpha\u2010synuclein and tau were tested on the surface\u2010modified AuIDE. Tau was used as a control variable. However, only alpha\u2010synuclein produced significant current change, while the control protein yielded no significant changes. Hence, the inclusion of the ZnO layer improved the sensor's performance and the sensor was reproducible and stable after repeated testing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T04:46:15Z","timestamp":1747629975000},"page":"1694-1707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electro\u2010Sensing Analysis for Parkinson's Disease Biomarker on Dual\u2010Electrode Surface: Complemented by Molecular Docking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Hussaini","family":"Adam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)  Kangar Perlis Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8347-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subash C. 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