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This study identified an economical growth substrate for\n                    <jats:italic>A. borkumensis SK2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and led to highly viable cell powder formulations for effective applications in contaminated marine environments. Various non\u2010hydrocarbon substrates were evaluated to replace the costly sodium pyruvate, revealing that canola oil and sunflower oil gave biomass levels (optical density) four times higher than sodium pyruvate (20 \u00b1 2 and 20 \u00b1 1, compared to 4.6 \u00b1 0.4, respectively). Freeze\u2010drying and spray\u2010drying approaches were investigated to produce a viable cell formulation. Two screening campaigns of potential freeze\u2010drying cryoprotectants showed that the proprietary blend of Proventus Bioscience Inc. (Proventus) and 0.5\u00a0M glutamate ensured the highest viability, with 2 \u00b1 1\u00d710\u00b9\u2070 and 1.1 \u00b1 0.3 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2070\u00a0CFU\/g, after the first screening, and 1.0 \u00b1 0.5 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2070 and 6 \u00b1 2 \u00d7 10\u2079\u00a0CFU\/g after the second screening. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis demonstrated a 9%\u201315% reduction in ice formation with cooling rates from 5 to 10\u00b0C\/min. Glutamate reduced ice formation by 5%\u20139% compared to Proventus\u2019 solution. To promote cell viability during\n                    <jats:italic>A. borkumensis SK2<\/jats:italic>\n                    freezing and freeze\u2010drying, the best product temperatures were determined to be \u221265\u00b0C with 0.5\u00a0M glutamate and \u221259\u00b0C with Proventus\u2019 blend. Spray\u2010drying resulted in cell powders with a viability up to 1.0 \u00b1 0.7 \u00d7 10\u2075 CFU\/g, considerably lower than the levels obtained by freeze\u2010drying, indicating some potential but also the need for further research and optimization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T03:54:57Z","timestamp":1751860497000},"page":"123-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Production and Formulation of\n                    <i>Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2<\/i>\n                    Cell Powders for Marine Oil Spill Bioremediation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2600-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9lisabeth","family":"Perreault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de bio\u2010ing\u00e9nierie et de 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