{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:58:12Z","timestamp":1781798292602,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech and App Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Prostatic obstruction is a blockage of the urethra caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, a common condition in aging men that often results in significant urinary complications. Polyurethane prostatic stents are widely used to alleviate this obstruction. However, their susceptibility to biofilm formation and subsequent bacterial infections by pathogens such as\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains a major clinical challenge. This study investigates the polyurethane prostatic stents (PS) that are surface\u2010immobilized with gentamicin\u2010loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GMCSNPs) to combat these issues. GMCSNPs were synthesized via the ionic gelation method, achieving high drug encapsulation efficiency (92.32%) and exhibiting a spherical morphology, as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM); particle size was determined using a Zetasizer. The nanoparticles had a size range of 200\u2013350\u00a0nm. The surface of polyurethane prostatic stents was activated and covalently immobilized with GMCSNPs, as confirmed through attenuated total reflection\u2010Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR\u2010FTIR) and FESEM analyses. The antimicrobial efficacy of GMCSNPs and GMCSNPs\u2010immobilized polyurethane prostatic stents (GMCSNPs\u2010PS) was evaluated against\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Bacterial viability assays, flow cytometry, and biofilm inhibition studies revealed significant antibacterial activity and a marked reduction in biofilm formation. The sustained release of gentamicin, combined with the intrinsic antimicrobial properties of chitosan, demonstrated a synergistic effect, successfully inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T05:16:46Z","timestamp":1764566206000},"page":"1404-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gentamicin\u2010Loaded Chitosan Nanocoating on Polyurethane Prostatic Stents to Combat Biofilm Formation and Urogenital Device\u2010Associated Infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Govindarajan Venkat","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram Campus Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed A.","family":"Bajaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anis Kumar","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology V.S.B. Engineering College  Karur Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkadapathi","family":"Jeyanthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology SRM Arts and Science College  Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palaniyandi","family":"Velusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation and Incubation Centre for Health Sciences Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash C. B.","family":"Gopinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College &amp; Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS)  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering &amp; Technology, Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Arau Perlis 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