{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:54:04Z","timestamp":1786118044397,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech and App Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cow dung is a low\u2010cost lignocellulosic biomass generated in large quantities across India, yet remains underutilized and contributes to environmental pollution when improperly managed. In this study, cellulose was isolated from cow dung using two different approaches a green, microbially\u2010assisted natural extraction process under dark conditions with mild chemical uses, and a chemically driven Soxhlet\u2010assisted method employing alkali oxidative pretreatment. The physicochemical characteristics of the isolated cellulose were examined using the Van Soest compositional protocol, FTIR spectroscopy, UV\u2013Vis analysis, CHNS elemental profiling, and SEM imaging. The Soxhlet route produced a cellulose yield of 3.65% \u00b1 0.2%, with purity of 28.68% cellulose and 3.68% lignin, whereas the natural method resulted in a yield of 3.55% \u00b1 0.3%, with purity of 26.31% cellulose and 8.9% lignin. Soxhlet extraction enabled more effective delignification and improved fiber defibrillation, while the natural method, despite of lower lignin removal rate, preserved the structural integrity of the cellulose and offered substantial sustainability advantages by reducing chemical consumption and energy requirements. These findings highlight cow dung as a viable renewable feedstock for cellulose\u2010based biomaterials and demonstrate that low\u2010resource, environmentally benign extraction strategies can support decentralized and rural circular bio\u2010economy initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.70125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:19:32Z","timestamp":1768292372000},"page":"1715-1727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual\u2010Route Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose From Cow Dung: Green Natural Microbial Extraction and Soxhlet\u2010Assisted Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8064-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuchi","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College University of Delhi  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanshu","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaudhan Research Laboratory, Ramjas College University of Delhi  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pushpanjali","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaudhan Research Laboratory, Ramjas College University of Delhi  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakant","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College University of Delhi  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanidhya","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaudhan Research Laboratory, Ramjas College University of Delhi  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unnati","family":"Miglani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaudhan Research Laboratory, Ramjas College University of Delhi  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-016-0105-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24941\/ijcr.44729.02.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-020-01119-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2015.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.5678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15143138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-8682-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpta.2023.100396"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria From Cow Dung of desi Cow Breed on Different Morpho\u2010Biochemical Parameters in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India","volume":"4","author":"Sharma B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2020.902.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2023.1204.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2021.774783"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.70077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpta.2025.100879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.3c01231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e41124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568\u2010018\u20100720\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2004.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Influence of Potassium Hydroxide Concentration and Reaction Time on the Extraction Cellulosic Jute Fibers","volume":"19","author":"Kataoka L. 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