{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:55:02Z","timestamp":1786118102549,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech and App Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Leukemia continues to provide a significant therapeutic challenge due to relapse, medication resistance, and treatment\u2010associated toxicity, which frequently hinder sustained disease management. Rhizomes of ginger (\n                    <jats:italic>Zingiber officinale<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) possess bioactive phenolics, notably 6\u2010gingerol and 6\u2010shogaol derivatives, which have demonstrated antileukemia efficacy in preclinical models. This study rigorously assesses the evidence regarding ginger\u2010derived preparations and isolated compounds in both acute and chronic leukemia models, focusing on recurring mechanisms and translational viability. In leukemia cell line investigations and sparse resistant\u2010model data, ginger\u2010related interventions are consistently linked to diminished viability and the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, typically indicated by alterations in Bax\/Bcl\u20102 ratios, PARP breakage, and caspase\u2010related measurements. Numerous studies indicate redox modulation, often characterized by elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species in leukemic cells, coupled with diminished pro\u2010survival signaling, such as PI3K\/Akt, as indicated by decreased pAkt and survivin levels. The suggested immunomodulatory and anti\u2010inflammatory effects, encompassing alterations in NK\u2010cell activity and cytokines like TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106, are inadequately substantiated within leukemia\u2010specific immunological contexts. Interpretation is limited by the variability in extract composition and chemical characterisation, inconsistent dose and exposure circumstances, dependence on endpoint markers without causative manipulation, and a lack of leukemia\u2010specific clinical data. Ginger\u2010derived compounds exhibit multi\u2010target biological activity that necessitates further exploration through standardized and chemically defined preparations, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization, clinically relevant exposure benchmarks, and meticulously designed leukemia\u2010focused translational and early\u2010phase clinical studies to elucidate safety, efficacy, and compatibility with current therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.70130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T07:09:31Z","timestamp":1769756971000},"page":"2102-2113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Ginger Rhizomes (\n                    <i>Zingiber officinale<\/i>\n                    ) on Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Abdolhossein","family":"Hajizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parmida","family":"Nafei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6508-8615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimiya","family":"Seraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Hamedan University of Medical Science  Hamedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faranak","family":"Zargari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Urmia University of Medical Sciences  Urmia West Azerbaijan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nassim","family":"Rastgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obid","family":"Khamidov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Radiology Samarkand State Medical University  Samarkand Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghadeer Mohammed Ali","family":"Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Amirhooshangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Ghavamikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9514-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Payam","family":"Ali\u2010Khiavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2011.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01143-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21873"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2022.11.002"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","article-title":"Prognostics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in a Teaching Hospital","volume":"13","author":"Alsulami H. 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