{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:55:02Z","timestamp":1786118102950,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotech and App Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Influenza remains a major global health concern, characterized by recurrent seasonal outbreaks and the persistent threat of pandemic strains. Although vaccines and antivirals are available, their effectiveness is often compromised by antigenic variation and the emergence of drug\u2010resistant viruses. In this study, we investigated the drug repurposing potential of FDA\u2010approved compounds. A total of 1120 FDA\u2010approved antiviral drugs and inhibitors were selected from publicly available databases, including PubChem and DrugBank. The 2D structures of these ligands were imported and energy\u2010minimized using Chem3D v16.0 to ensure geometrically optimized conformations suitable for docking. The 3D crystal structures of four key influenza proteins, nucleocapsid protein (Protein Data Bank [PDB]: 2IQH), neuraminidase (PDB: 2HU4), hemagglutinin HA1 (PDB: 3UBE), and the Influenza A H5N1 PB2 cap\u2010binding domain (PDB: 4CB4), were retrieved from the RCSB PDB and carefully prepared for docking. Molecular docking identified acetaminophen, asparagine, and acyclovir as the top three scoring compounds, with acetaminophen showing the strongest interaction at the PB2 cap\u2010binding site. Subsequent in vitro antiviral studies were performed for all three compounds; however, asparagine and acyclovir did not exhibit significant inhibitory effects, whereas acetaminophen demonstrated promising activity. These findings suggest that acetaminophen may interfere with some key steps in the life cycle of the influenza virus. Given its established safety profile and widespread availability, acetaminophen emerges as a promising candidate for therapeutic repurposing. Nevertheless, further mechanistic and in vivo validation is essential to substantiate its potential role in influenza treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.70154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:06:53Z","timestamp":1772996813000},"page":"2059-2067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Acetaminophen as a Repurposed Anti\u2010Influenza Virus Agent"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Surojit","family":"Sadhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering Sciences and Research MIT Art, Design and Technology University  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanket","family":"Bapat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering Sciences and Research MIT Art, Design and Technology University  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinky","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Testing Services LLP  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotech Testing Services LLP  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeepan","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering Sciences and Research MIT Art, Design and Technology University  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering Sciences and Research MIT Art, Design and Technology University  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Influenza (Seasonal)(World Health Organization 2025) https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/influenza\u2010(seasonal)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization COVID\u201019 Weekly Epidemiological Update(World Health Organization 2021) https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/covid\u201019\u2010weekly\u2010epidemiological\u2010update."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.VIRUSRES.2019.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA2007764"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35248\/2572\u20100805\u201025.17.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02335\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00102\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Ianevski R.Yao S.Biza et\u00a0al. \u201cIdentification of Novel Antiviral Drug Combinations In Vitro and Tracking Their Development \u201d preprint bioRxiv September 17 2020 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.17.299933.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.17.299933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NRD.2018.168;SUBJMETA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00018\u2010025\u201005611\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAD976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391\u2010200501000\u201000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"A.Zielesny (2005). \u201cChemistry software package chemoffice ultra 2005. Chem3D Pro Download \u201d accessed December 22 2025 https:\/\/chem3d\u2010pro.software.informer.com\/."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161254","article-title":"A systematic analysis of the structures of heterologously expressed proteins and those from their native hosts in the RCSB PDB archive","volume":"11","author":"Ren\u2010Bin Z.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Fields Using Atomic Property. \"MolSoft ICM Quarterly ICM Protein Modeling (n.d.) 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