{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:55:46Z","timestamp":1759971346635,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJUI Compass"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the role of a urine dipstick in the assessment of acute scrotal pain emergency department presentations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single institution, prospective case series, from February 2020 to February 2021. All patients who received a bedside review by a urology doctor for acute scrotal pain were included. Urine dipstick results were pre\u2010defined as having had an impact on the emergency clinician's diagnosis if it showed pyuria and\/or nitrituria and the final diagnosis was epididymitis\u2010orchitis or haematuria and the final diagnosis was ureterolithiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>139 patients presented to the emergency department with a complaint of acute scrotal pain. 85 (61%) were referred for bedside urology review. Median age of 17 years (P25 12 yrs, P75 31 yrs). 2.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092) had proven testicular torsion, 28.5% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) had epididymitis\u2010orchitis and 8.2% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) had ureterolithiasis. 68 (80%) of patients received a primary diagnosis of testicular torsion by the emergency department clinician. Following review by a urology unit doctor, 14 proceeded to scrotal exploration for concern of testicular torsion. 7 patients were diagnosed with ureterolithiasis, all of whom had haematuria on their urine dipsticks (100%, 95% CI: 59\u2013100%), 100% of these urine dipsticks were initiated by the urology unit doctor following bedside review. 22 patients were diagnosed with epididymitis\u2010orchitis. 8 of these had pyuria, nitrituria and\/or haematuria on their urine dipstick (36%, 95% CI: 17\u201359%) and only one urine dipstick was completed prior to referral. 20.6% of patients perceived to have testicular torsion by the emergency department had a positive urine dipstick that aligned with their final alternative diagnosis (95% CI: 12\u201332%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A collection of clinical findings is required to diagnose the aetiology of acute scrotal pain. Information that can be easily, quickly, cheaply, and reliably collected, such as a urine dipstick, can assist in clinical decision making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T02:18:41Z","timestamp":1643163521000},"page":"287-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The role of a urine dipstick in the diagnosis of the acute scrotum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9667-3565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Tissot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urological Surgery, Barwon Health University Hospital Geelong  Geelong Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Perrott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urological Surgery, Barwon Health University Hospital Geelong  Geelong Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Deakin University  Geelong Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Grills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urological Surgery, Barwon Health University Hospital Geelong  Geelong Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Deakin University  Geelong Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.Acute scrotal pain and suspected testicular torsion guidelines 2018. Accessed 12 December 2020.https:\/\/www.surgeons.org\/en\/about-racs\/position-papers\/acute-scrotal-pain-and-suspected-testicular-torsion-guidelines-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2051415812472676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Fiducial limits for the Poisson distribution","volume":"28","author":"Clopper CJ","year":"1936","journal-title":"Biometrica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2018.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13295"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","article-title":"Emergency department approach to testicular torsion: Two illustrative cases","volume":"11","author":"Thomas S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["BJUI Compass"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bco2.138","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bco2.138","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bco2.138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T13:32:30Z","timestamp":1759930350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bco2.138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bco2.138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bco2.138","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-4526","2688-4526"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2688-4526"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2688-4526"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}