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This condition has significant morbidity and a negative effect on certain aspects of the patient's quality of life, including but not limited to hygiene, micturition, self\u2010image and sexual function. Current classification systems for CP are heterogeneous, but most of these further classify CP based on their division into congenital concealed penis (CCP) and adult\u2010acquired buried penis (AABP). The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease are understood to some extent, but the specific underlying mechanisms need further research. Although conservative treatment may be effective for some children with CCP, surgical intervention is still the main treatment for other children with CCP and AABP. There is no \u2018gold standard\u2019 surgical treatment for CP, but there are various surgical methods available; therefore, individualized surgical plans should be created after a comprehensive evaluation based on the classification and aetiology of CP patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T01:55:05Z","timestamp":1735869305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Concealed penis: A review of multilevel classification and surgical reconstruction techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Bo\u2010yu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha 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