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Unifocal ISUP GG1 (\u226510\u2009mm in \u22651 core), GG2 (any length) or GG3 (longest core&lt;10\u2009mm) were included. Follow\u2010up entailed serial PSA measurements, and surveillance mpMRI and repeat transperineal prostate biopsy at 18\u201324\u2009months post\u2010treatment. Pathological control was achieved on repeat biopsy if there was no cancer or ISUP GG1 in &lt;10\u2009mm of core or GG2\u20133 grade cancer with radiation treatment effect. Progression was defined as no pathological changes from baseline or tumour upgrading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 120 men enrolled, 55 (45.8%) have completed repeat histopathological assessments with a median (IQR) follow\u2010up of 38 (33\u201345) months. Pathological control was reported in 42 (76.4%) patients, including 25 negative biopsies, 12 clinically insignificant disease, and five in\u2010field ISUP GG2\u20133 with radiation treatment effect. Pathological progression was observed in 13 patients (23.6%), with concurrent clinically significant in\u2010 and out\u2010of\u2010field progression in three cases (5.5%) and isolated clinically significant out\u2010of\u2010field progression in 10 cases (18.2%). Five (9.1%) patients underwent salvage treatment, including three robotic\u2010assisted radical prostatectomies, one contralateral lobe LDR brachytherapy and one external beam radiation therapy. The salvage\u2010free survival at 1, 2, 3 and 4\u2009years were 98.2%, 96.4%, 94.2% and 87.0%, respectively. Mean PSA velocity &gt;0.55\u2009ng\/mL\/year was a strong predictor of pathological progression (OR 23.54, 95% CI 4.28\u2013129.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), with a sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 90.5%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With a median follow\u2010up of 38\u2009months, these early results suggest that focal LDR brachytherapy for low\u2010intermediate risk, single\u2010lesion, imaging\u2010visible PCa demonstrates satisfactory oncological control. However, further follow\u2010up is needed to assess long\u2010term oncological outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.70129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T01:36:21Z","timestamp":1770860181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oncological outcomes post focal low\u2010dose\u2010rate brachytherapy in low\u2010intermediate risk prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8326-6175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadmehdi","family":"Adhami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Alfred Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Translational Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Icon Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria 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